摘要
饮水量及饮水的质量是影响猪只生长和健康的重要因素,研制新型猪只节水清洁型智能饮水设备对猪舍管理和提高动物福利具有重要意义。该研究对传统碗式饮水器进行了改进,研制了一种猪只智能节水型饮水碗,探究了智能饮水碗在猪只生产性能、用水量、饮水行为和碗内饮用水卫生指标方面的应用效果。试验选取100头体质量为(85.87±15.80)kg的育肥猪,随机分为2个处理组,饮水设备分别采用传统饮水碗和智能饮水碗,每个处理组5个重复,每个重复10头猪,试验期为35 d。结果表明,2种饮水碗对育肥猪的生产性能(日增质量、日采食质量和料肉比)和饮水行为(饮水次数、饮水时长)无显著影响。传统饮水碗组和智能饮水碗组育肥猪的日均用水量分别为(11.14±0.46)、(10.05±0.46)L/d,两者存在极显著差异(P<0.01);浪费水量分别为(0.89±0.13)、(0.25±0.11)L/d,两者存在极显著差异(P<0.01);育肥猪使用智能饮水碗的用水浪费率相比传统饮水碗降低了60.9%~79.5%。传统饮水碗组和智能饮水碗组育肥猪的碗内余水总大肠菌群分别为(83.00±3.46)、(68.33±4.04)MPN/100 mL,两者存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。育肥猪使用智能饮水碗的碗内余水总大肠菌群与传统饮水碗相比降低了16.3%~19.2%。该智能饮水碗能有效保障猪只饮水健康和生长需求,减少猪只饮水浪费,降低碗内余水总大肠菌群数量,提高动物福利水平。研究可为养殖场节水减排提供理论依据及技术支撑。
The quality and quantity of drinking water are critical for the growth and health of pigs.Traditional bowl-type drinking fountains are associated with several issues,including the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria due to feed residue and water wastage resulting from pigs playing in the water.To address these issues and enhance piggery management,there is a need for innovative,water-saving,and hygienic smart drinking devices.This study aimed to address the shortcomings of traditional bowl-type drinking fountains by developing and evaluating an intelligent water-saving drinking bowl for pigs.We incorporated PLC control modules,water level detection,drinking recognition,and precise water quantity measurement into the intelligent drinking bowl.This system ensured the rational and accurate supply of water to pigs and features an automatic residue cleaning function within the bowl.To evaluate the impact of this intelligent drinking bowl on pig production performance,water consumption,drinking behavior and the hygienic quality of drinking water,we conducted an experiment involving 100 fattening pigs in good physiological condition,with an average body weight of(85.87±15.80)kg.Then,the pigs were randomly assigned to two treatment groups:one with traditional drinking bowls and the other with intelligent drinking bowls.Each group had 5 replicates,with 10 pigs per replicate,and the entire experiment was conducted over a period of 35 days.Our results revealed that both types of bowls demonstrated two distinct peaks in drinking activity,occurring at approximately 09:00 and 15:00.When comparing the smart drinking bowl group to the traditional bowl group,the group using smart drinking bowls showed a 3%increase in daily weight gain,a 0.7%reduction in feed intake,and a 5%decrease in the feed-to-weight ratio.However,none of these differences were statistically significant.Meanwhile,the two types of drinking bowls had no significant effect on the drinking behavior,such as the frequency and duration of drinking.Significant differences were noted in water consumption and wastage.The average daily water consumption was(11.14±0.46)L/d for the traditional drinking bowl group and(10.05±0.46)L/d for the intelligent drinking bowl group,with a highly significant difference(P<0.01).Water wastage was(0.89±0.13)L/d for the traditional bowl and(0.25±0.13)L/d for the intelligent bowl,with a highly significant difference(P<0.01).The intelligent drinking bowl reduced water wastage by 60.9%to 79.5%compared to the traditional bowl.Additionally,total coliform counts in the residual water were(83.00±3.46)MPN/100 mL for the traditional drinking bowl group and(68.33±4.04)MPN/100 mL for the intelligent drinking bowl,with a highly significant difference(P<0.01).The total coliform bacteria count in residual water within smart drinking bowls used by fattening pigs was reduced by 16.3%to 19.2%compared to traditional drinking bowls.Economic analysis indicated that the cost savings from reduced water usage alone can offset the initial investment in smart drinking bowls within approximately one year.This study demonstrated that the intelligent drinking bowl effectively reduced water wastage and improved the hygienic quality of drinking water,thereby supporting better animal welfare and offering practical benefits for piggery management.
作者
龙定彪
唐明凤
胡彬
王浩
于洲
潘学民
蒲施桦
LONG Dingbiao;TANG Mingfeng;HU Bin;WANG Hao;YU Zhou;PAN Xuemin;PU Shihua(Chongqing Academy of Animal Science,Chongqing 402460,China;National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs,Chongqing 402460,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第17期250-256,共7页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家生猪技术创新中心先导科技项目NCTIP-XD/B08(22608)
现代农业产业技术体系(CAR-35)。
关键词
育肥猪
节水
智能饮水碗
总大肠菌群
浪费水量
fattening pigs
water saving
intelligent drinking bowl
total coliforms
water leakage
