摘要
长期施用化肥农药对土壤生物多样性构成了严重威胁,生物防治可有效减少对农田生物和环境的影响。云南省大力构建烟蚜茧蜂、夜蛾黑卵蜂、捕食螨、叉角厉蝽及烟草内源抗病毒制剂的“四虫一剂”绿色防治体系。土壤线虫作为土壤健康指示生物可为烟田防控措施的决策提供有用信息。为探明不同防控措施对烟田土壤线虫的影响,实现烟草病虫害的绿色防控,以云南省玉溪市实施“四虫一剂”的绿色防控模式烟田(Y1处理)和主施烟草内源抗病毒制剂“一剂”的传统防控模式烟田(Y2处理)的土壤线虫为研究对象,以常规农药化肥管理模式烟田(Y3处理)为对照,于2023年7-9月对土壤线虫群落和土壤因子进行连续监测。结果表明:①鉴定的23742条线虫隶属22科35属,食细菌线虫数量最多,占46.19%。不同处理下植物寄生性线虫和杂食-捕食线虫的数量变化有显著差异,这种差异与作物生长期有关。②与传统防控处理相比,常规农药化肥处理显著降低了土壤线虫的总多度、类群数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数,表明常规管理对土壤线虫多样性具有负面影响。③绿色防控与传统防控处理组的线虫群落组成相似,但前者的植物寄生线虫指数(PPI)显著高于后者。绿色防控处理组的瓦斯乐斯卡指数(WI)显著低于常规处理。④Pearson相关性分析显示,土壤pH、全氮和全磷是影响土壤线虫营养类群组成的主要因素。总之,绿色防治对植烟土壤线虫多样性产生了积极影响,但可能导致作物生长后期对作物生长不利的植食性线虫(尤其是根结属)的数量增加。建议未来在烟草种植管理中充分利用绿色防治手段,合理控制农药使用量,加强对根结线虫等有害线虫的监测。
The long-term use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides significantly threatens soil biodiversity,and biological control can effectively reduce their impact on farmland biota and the environment.Yunnan Province has established a green control strategy of‘Four Pests and One Agent’,combining Aphidius gifuensis,Telenomus remus,predatory mites,Cantheconidea furcellata and endogenous antiviral agents.Soil nematodes,as one of indicators for evaluating soil health,can provide reference for guiding pest control strategies in tobacco fields.In order to detect the effects of different control measures on the nematode community in tobacco field ecosystems and enhance the implementation of green control of tobacco pests and diseases,this study employed a‘Four Pests and One Agent’green control strategy and a traditional control strategy primarily using the endogenous antiviral agents in tobacco fields in Yuxi City,Yunnan Province.Conventional pesticide and fertilizer management was used as a control.Continuous monitoring of soil nematode communities and soil factors was conducted from July to September 2023.The results revealed that:(1)23,742 nematodes belonging to 22 families and 35 genera were identified,of which bacterivorous were the most prevalent taxa,accounting for 46.19% of the total.Significant differences in the numbers of plant-parasitic and omnivore-predator nematodes were observed under different pest control measures,which is correlated with the growth phases of crops.(2)Compared with traditional control treatments,conventional pesticide and fertilizer applications significantly decreased the total abundance,number of taxa,and Shannon-Wiener index of soil nematodes,indicating the negative impact of conventional management practices on soil nematode diversity.(3)The nematode community composition of the green control and traditional control treatment groups were similar,but the former showed a significantly higher Plant Parasitic Index(PPI)than the latter.The Wasilewska Index(WI)of the green control group was significantly lower than that of the conventional treatment group.(4)Soil pH,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus were the main factors affecting the composition of the nematode community′s trophic groups.In summary,green control positively affects the diversity of soil nematodes in tobacco cultivation,but it might increase the number of phytophagous nematodes(especially Meloidogyne),which will impede crop growth at later stages.Therefore,it is recommended that future tobacco cultivation management fully utilize green control techniques,reasonably control the amount of pesticide used,and strengthen the monitoring of harmful nematodes such as root-knot nematodes.
作者
邓子菁
高佳楠
韩煜
高晓奇
肖能文
杨海林
DENG Zijing;GAO Jianan;HAN Yu;GAO Xiaoqi;XIAO Nengwen;YANG Hailin(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Processes and Functions Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Collage of Forestry,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030600,China;Yuxi Branch,Yunan Province Tobacco Company,Yuxi 653100,China)
出处
《环境科学研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第10期2159-2170,共12页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
中国烟草总公司重大科技项目(No.110202201018[LS-02])。
关键词
烟田
绿色防控
土壤线虫
多样性
tobacco field
green pest control
soil nematode
diversity
