摘要
氢作为一种可持续的资源是未来能源结构的竞争性候选能源。含氢17.6%(质量分数,下同)的氨作为一种极具前景的无碳化氢载体,其制氢成本低,生产效率高,且现场氨分解可以在一定程度上缓解氢储存和运输的难题。目前,已经开发了各种金属基氨分解催化剂,其中钌(Ru)基催化剂因具有合适的Ru-N结合能最为优越。近年来,人们一直致力于提高Ru基催化剂的性能,通过研究多种载体和助剂材料,并采用先进的分析技术揭示催化性能与催化剂微观结构之间的关系,旨在降低Ru的负载量和反应温度,以实现更好的经济效益。本文阐述了不同产氢路径,并对绿氨经济性与国内外企业绿氨项目的建设情况进行了归纳。同时,分析了氨分解反应的基本机理以及动力学和热力学过程,并总结了目前用于氨分解的贵金属Ru基催化剂的研究现状及不同类型载体、助剂对Ru基催化剂催化性能的影响。此外,介绍了氨分解反应器及其老化问题。最后对氨分解催化制氢的改进措施和未来发展方向进行了展望,旨在为“氢-氨”能源发展提供信息支撑。
As a sustainable resource,hydrogen is considered to be a competitive candidate for future energy consumption.Ammonia is a promising carbon-free hydrogen carrier with a hydrogen content of 17.6wt%.Ammonia decomposition is low-cost and high-efficiency,and on-site ammonia decomposition can to a certain extent serve as a route to hydrogen storage and transportation.Various metal-based ammonia decomposition catalysts have been developed,and ruthenium-based catalysts are superior due to their suitable Ru-N binding energy.In recent years,people have been working to improve the performance of Ru-based catalysts by studying various support and promoter materials.Advanced technology is used to reveal the relationship between catalytic performance and catalyst microstructure to reduce the loading of Ru and the reaction temperature to improve its economicity.This paper describes the different ways to produce hydrogen and summarizes the economics of green ammonia and the construction of green ammonia projects by domestic and international companies.Meanwhile,the mechanism,and kinetic and thermodynamic processes of ammonia decomposition reaction are analyzed.The research progress of noble metal Ru-based catalysts for ammonia decomposition and the effects of different types of carriers and promoters on the catalytic performance of Ru-based catalysts are reviewed.In addition,the ammonia decomposition reactor and its aging issues are introduced.Finally,the improvement measures and future development direction of ammonia decomposition catalytic hydrogen production are prospected,aiming to provide supporting information for the development of‘hydrogen-ammonia’energy.
作者
王帆
赵宇辰
郑文跃
WANG Fan;ZHAO Yuchen;ZHENG Wenyue(National Center of Materials Service Safety,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 102200,China;China United Gas Turbine Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100016,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第19期132-144,共13页
Materials Reports
基金
中国联合重型燃气轮机技术有限公司(J277)。
关键词
氢能
氨分解
机理
催化剂
绿氨经济
hydrogen energy
ammonia decomposition
mechanism
catalyst
green ammonia economy
