摘要
我国环境管理的目标正在从污染控制向生态质量改善转型,制定区域差异性水质标准可以更好适应不同区域的生态环境特点和发展需求.从现行水质标准的不足和科技发展的需求出发,分析引起区域性水质标准差异的原因及其影响因素,总结我国在受纳水体特征和社会属性、气候条件、水质理化性质、水生生物种群等方面的区域差异特征,解析区域特征对生物毒性测定的影响.在此基础上提出了我国区域差异性水质标准制定时可能面临的关键科学问题,并梳理出未来该领域的关键研究方向,包括排水稀释系数的确定理论与方法、区域关键水质指标的确定方法及其对水质标准的影响、区域特征物种的确定方法及其对水质标准的影响、全国范围内差异性区域的划分理论与方法等,以期为我国水质标准的科学制定提供参考.
The goal of environmental management in China is transitioning from pollution control to the improvement of ecological quality.The establishment of regional differential water quality standards can better adapt to the ecological characteristics and development needs of different regions.Given the shortcomings of current water quality standards and the needs of technological development,this study analyzed the causes and influencing factors of regional differences in water quality standards and summarized China’s regional variations in areas such as the characteristics of receiving water bodies,social attributes,climate conditions,physicochemical properties of water,and aquatic biotic populations.It also examined the impact of regional characteristics on the assessment of biological toxicity.Based on these analyses,the study identified key scientific questions that may arise in the development of regional differential water quality standards in China and outlined future critical research directions in this field.These directions include developing theories and methods for determining the effluent dilution coefficient,establishing methods for identifying regional key water quality indicators and assessing their impact on water quality standards,determining regional characteristic species and their influence on water quality standards,and formulating theories and methods for categorizing different regions across the country.The aim of the study was to provide a reference for the scientific establishment of water quality standards in China.
作者
唐英才
魏东斌
巫寅虎
陈卓
陆韻
高桦楠
廖安然
黄南
徐红卫
廖梓童
丁仁
闫晗
张倬玮
胡洪营
TANG Ying-cai;WEI Dong-bin;WU Yin-hu;CHEN Zhuo;LU Yun;GAO Hua-nan;LIAO An-ran;HUANG Nan;XU Hong-wei;LIAO Zi-tong;DING Ren;YAN Han;ZHANG Zhuo-wei;HU Hong-ying(State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control(SMARC),Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies,School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第10期5748-5760,共13页
Environmental Science
基金
国家自然科学基金重大项目(52293440,52293442)
博士后创新人才支持计划项目(BX20230168)。
关键词
水质标准
区域差异
环境要素
稀释系数
生物毒性
water quality standard
regional differences
environmental elements
dilution coefficients
biotoxicity
