摘要
[目的]东北黑土区坡耕地水力侵蚀危害严重,直接影响区域粮食安全与生态安全;水力侵蚀防治技术在治理土壤侵蚀过程中发挥了重要作用,总结提炼相关研究进展可有效提高黑土区坡耕地水力侵蚀防治效果。[方法]本文通过系统梳理文献资料,对黑土区坡耕地水力侵蚀及其防治技术研究进展进行归纳总结。[结果]分析了东北黑土区坡耕地水力侵蚀现状、影响因素;综述了垄作、秸秆还田、地埂植物带、植物篱、梯田、少耕免耕、侵蚀沟治理等水力侵蚀防治关键技术;列举了水力侵蚀防治典型案例;指出了目前存在的主要问题;明确了未来研究中应加强水力侵蚀防治技术机理研究,建立水力侵蚀防控综合技术体系,构建径流调控-防蚀固土模式等研究展望。[结论]东北黑土区坡耕地水力侵蚀危害严重,其发生发展受多种自然因素及人为活动的共同影响,目前水力侵蚀防治关键技术在机理研究与实践应用中均取得了一定成果,可为深化东北黑土区水力侵蚀过程及推广水力侵蚀防治技术提供科学依据。
【Background and Objective】Water erosion is a common form of soil degradation,affecting 1.0714 million km2 of soil in China,accounting for 40.77%of national soil erosion.While the soil surface in most regions in Northeastern China is relatively flat,the black soils are susceptible to water erosion due to their unique environment and unsustainable agricultural practices,threatening food production and ecological security.Tremendous efforts have been made in improving the black soil and water conservation to ameliorate water erosion.This paper reviews the progress made over the past decades.【Method】The review was based on literature and data related to water erosion in sloped black soils and their mitigation technologies,with the focus on the influence of rainfall,topography,vegetation,soil condition and human activities.【Result】The area of soils affected by water erosion was approximately 133200 km2,accounting for 63.76%of total eroded black soils in the region.Hillslope and gully erosion are the predominant erosion patterns,forming a hillslope-gully system that is a major source of sediment.Key erosion-control technologies included ridge tillage,straw return,ridge planting,hedgerows,terracing,minimal tillage with residue mulching,no-tillage,and gully control.Critical issues in implementing these technologies include a detailed understanding of their underlying mechanisms,effectiveness,optimal configurations,and selection for different regions.Future research should focus on improving understanding of the mechanisms of these technologies,establishing a comprehensive erosion-control system,and developing strategies for regulating runoff and soil consolidation.【Conclusion】Water erosion is a great challenge in sloped black soil farmland in Northeastern China,influenced by both natural factors and human activities.Significant efforts have been made in alleviating water erosion both theoretically and practically.This review serves as a foundation for advancing research and developing strategies to mitigate water erosion in sloped black soils and similar environments.
作者
沈海鸥
任明
温磊磊
梁羽石
刘洋
SHEN Haiou;REN Ming;WEN Leiei;LIANG Yushi;LIU Yang(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Songliao Water Resources Committee,Ministry of Water Resources,Changchun 130021,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CAS
CSCD
2024年第10期97-105,共9页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
吉林省自然科学基金项目(20240101024JJ)
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFE0202900)
吉林省“黑土粮仓”科技会战“揭榜挂帅”重点项目(JJKH20240457HT)。
关键词
坡面侵蚀
沟道侵蚀
耕作措施
工程措施
生物措施
hillslope erosion
gully erosion
tillage measure
engineering measure
biological measure
