摘要
中国社会工作自20世纪80年代恢复重建以来,走了一条嵌入性发展道路,与现行体制形成不可分割联系。基于体制位置视角分析,可以发现中国社会工作“嵌入性”发展是一种借位生存之路。社会工作通过向体制借位,获得专业实践空间。这个过程,历经浅层嵌入到深度嵌入的“体制化”,通过借助体制位置的力量,拥有体制本身附带的合法性、行动空间、发展机会等资源,进而达到专业生存发展和践行专业使命的目标。但借位生存的体制化过程并未改变社会工作处于边缘化的位势。在该处境中,社会工作专业性被科层实践行政化、实践内容和行动空间被限制、专业行动力和自主性被消解等。换言之,边缘化体制位置带来专业发展机会的同时也限定和损伤专业自主性。在新的发展阶段,社会工作如果要深度融入体制,其关键在于将专业性有效融入党政部门的实践之中,特别是融入各级党委社会工作部的核心工作当中,从体制内部找到自身位置,实现专业的可持续发展。
Since the restoration and reconstruction of China's social work,it has stepped out of an embedded development path and formed an inseparable link with the system. At the beginning of the restoration and reconstruction of social work in China,social work was integrated into the practice of civil affairs and other related livelihood services,and the original administrative social work was professionalized.However,with the deepening of the reform of the political and economic system,the path of entering the internal development of the system in a professional way has not been implemented,but the development of the way outside the government system to undertake government purchases or social services. This development path is called the“embedded”development model.By analyzing the development of China's social work from the perspective of an institutional position,it can be found that the embedded development of China's social work is a way to survive by borrowing from the system,and social work obtains the dependent institutional position to carry out professional practice. Social work has developed professional services through the government's purchase of services and positions,and has gradually been subjugated into“institutionalized”management. This process obtains the legitimacy of social work practice by virtue of the strength of institutional position,obtains the practice space at the grassroots level of society and related industries,and obtains the development opportunity in the field of social service. To some extent,this embedded way of borrowing from the system meets the basic needs of the social work profession,and also fulfills the mission of the social work profession.However,the embedded way of borrowing from the system does not solve the problem of the marginalization of the social work system;instead,it alienates social work in the marginalization situation. In practice,it is often practiced administratively by the bureaucratic system of the formal system and engaged in administrative affairs other than professional services. In the purchase of services,the practice content and action space of social work are also limited,and the content and scope of professional services are limited. Furthermore,the professional autonomy of social work is restricted and damaged. In addition,social work itself fails to pay attention to the social environment and structure of practice and fails to actively explore how to enter the institutional position,which ultimately puts social work at the edge of the institutional position. The establishment of the Society Work Department brought about a new change in the environment for the development of professional social work when social workers failed to obtain a suitable institutional position. In order to cope with this change,the key to the deep integration of social work into the system is to effectively integrate its professionalism into the current practice process of relevant Party and government departments. In particular,I want to realize organic integration with the relevant work of the Society Work Department,find its own position within the system,and realize the professional mission and development.
作者
程激清
郑广怀
CHENG Jiqing;ZHENG Guanghuai
出处
《社会工作》
CSSCI
2024年第5期55-70,157,158,共18页
Journal of Social Work
基金
中宣部宣传思想文化青年英才资助项目“社会工作健全共建共治共享乡村社会治理制度的机制研究”(项目编号:2021QNYC210)。
