摘要
合作生产以多元主体共同参与生产全过程为核心,意在打破传统生产者、消费者之间的明显界线,进而围绕合作生产的议题实现价值共创。然而,在现有政府购买社会服务的运行体系实践过程中,多元主体之间难以形成有效的合作,在不同层面上产生了“隐形偏离”现象。本文以H机构执行“牵手计划”项目的实践为例,基于合作生产理论视角,进一步分析和揭示偏离现象背后蕴含的逻辑和形成机制,研究发现:多元合作主体在服务授权、服务设计、服务递送、服务评估的“援助—受助”行动中发生着不同层面的“隐形偏离”,这种“隐形偏离”具体表现为绩效式授权与有限自主责任、需求共识合谋与沉默附和应对、理性计算行动与被动专业依赖、绩效结果导向与主动遵从策略。这一发现为揭示社会组织间的互助行为机制以及进一步探究政府购买社会服务的深层机理提供有益启示。
Cooperative production is centered around the participation of multiple stakeholders in the entire process of service production,aiming to break down the clear boundaries between traditional producers and consumers,emphasize resource sharing and cooperative interdependence among multiple stakeholders,and ultimately achieve value co creation around cooperative production issues. However,in the practical process of the existing government procurement of social services,it is difficult for multiple cooperative entities to form effective cooperation,resulting in the phenomenon of“invisible deviation”and affecting the effectiveness of cooperation.In order to promote the balanced development of social work and play an important role in poverty alleviation and rural revitalization,the“Hand in Hand Plan”project has become an important strategic way to narrow the regional development gap of social work in China and an important carrier to promote social work participation in rural revitalization and achieve common prosperity.This project is a service project that,under the advocacy and support of the government,involves the joint design,implementation,and evaluation of multiple cooperative entities such as aid sending social organizations,government departments in the recipient regions,and social organizations to promote the development of social work. The diverse entities have significant characteristics of cooperative production,and the cooperation process is highly consistent with the theory of cooperative production. Therefore,analyzing the cooperative production of social organizations under the background of the Hand in Hand Plan from the perspective of cooperative production theory is reasonable. Specifically,this article takes the practical experience of H institution in implementing the“Hand in Hand Plan”project as an example,focuses on qualitative research methods,takes the theory of cooperative production as the research perspective,and based on the basic characteristics of social organizations' “aid assistance”,further analyzes and reveals the logic and formation mechanism behind the phenomenon of cooperative production deviation. The study finds that the execution of the project requires multiple subjects to work together towards the given goals of the project to form a consensus on demand,and then take joint actions to help achieve the expected goals of the project. However,in fact,multiple subjects have different project expectations due to the characteristics of the project. At different stages of cooperative production,subtle and imperceptible“invisible deviation”action strategies occur,specifically manifested in the service authorization stage,The higher-level government adopts a performance oriented authorization approach to grant limited autonomy to aid social organizations,and the cooperating entities can only operate within the established framework and goals when executing projects;During the service design phase,the assisting social organizations and the municipal civil affairs departments in the receiving areas reached a formal consensus and conspired to meet the needs,while the receiving social organizations chose to adopt a strategy of silent agreement to cater;During the service delivery phase,the assisting social organizations adopt a rational calculation action strategy,successfully completing the designated project actions in a“twice the result with half the effort”manner according to the established quantitative plan,and flexibly getting rid of service resistance and conflicts under project deadlines. On the other hand,the assisting social organizations show a passive need for professional growth due to considerations of completing work assignments and meeting superior requirements;In the service evaluation stage,the performance oriented evaluation strategy directly leads to the formalization and ritualism of the evaluation process and conclusions,making it difficult to truly and effectively fulfill the evaluation responsibility.The underlying reasons behind the above action strategies are multiple logical conflicts with the ideal cooperative production standards,namely,the deviation of dialogue between the upper and lower levels under a strong government system is the fundamental reason why the project is difficult to truly exert its effectiveness;Diversified cooperative entities place greater emphasis on maintaining the relationship between both parties,directly neglecting the effective expression of real needs,resulting in a“strong relationship weak ability”situation where the needs deviate from the original intention of the project due to“adaptation deviation”;The cooperative entities adopt a catering action strategy to achieve their respective values and interests,rather than creating common value,forming a“deviation in action”under the“instrumental”value negotiation;Third party evaluation organizations are limited by the maintenance of their relationship with the government and resource dependence,making it difficult for them to truly play a completely independent evaluation role.As a result,they are forced to become government “technical tools” and form“evaluation deviation”under the“invisible collusion”. This discovery provides useful insights for revealing the mechanism of mutual assistance behavior between social organizations,further exploring the underlying mechanisms of government procurement of social services,and studying the localization of cooperative production theory.
作者
吴佳峻
杨丽阳
WU Jiajun;YANG Liyang
出处
《社会工作》
CSSCI
2024年第5期132-150,164-166,共22页
Journal of Social Work
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“基层治理中社会工作站的嵌合机制及优化路径研究”(项目编号:23CSH074)以及国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国特色社会工作的主体自觉与自主知识体系建构研究”(项目编号:23BSH013)的阶段性成果。
