摘要
为了解三星堆遗址城墙植被分布和恢复现状,本研究以三星堆遗址城墙草本植物群落为重点,评估自然更新、种植、弃耕、灌木去除、修剪五种维护措施对其物种多样性和生物量的影响。结果显示,研究区共记录草本植物40科81属103种,各样地类型均以多年生草本植物为主,重要值较大的科为菊科和禾本科。总体来看,灌木去除样地的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、物种丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数最高,而种植样地最低;对照样地、弃耕样地、灌木去除样地、修剪样地的4种多样性指数无显著差异。种植样地的地上生物量、地下生物量和总生物量最大,其次是对照样地,弃耕样地最小。所有样地的根分层生物量均随土层深度的增加而减少,在0—20 cm土层中,种植样地的根生物量最大,而修剪样地的根系生物量最低。在20—40 cm土层中,弃耕样地的根系生物量显著高于其余样地(P<0.05),在10—20 cm、40—60 cm土层中,各类型样地的根生物量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。草本植物的地上、地下和总生物量与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),而与物种丰富度指数相关性不显著(P>0.05)。综上,以自然更新为主并辅以针对性干预措施(如灌木去除和修剪)的原生境保护措施,同时控制地上地下生物量的比例,减缓其根系劈裂、生物风化等破坏作用,促进物种多样性和生物量稳定在最有利于遗址保护展示的范围。
In order to comprehend the distribution patterns and recovery status of the vegetation at Sanxingdui City Wall,this study focused on the herbaceous plant community to investigate the impacts of five maintenance measures.A field survey was carried out on five typical herbaceous plant communities associated with five common maintenance measures at Sanxingdui City Wall:natural regeneration,planting,abandoned field,shrub removal,and pruning.The survey examined species diversity,biomass and their interrelationships.A total of 103 herbaceous plant species from 40 families and 81 genera were identified in the study area,with perennial herbaceous plants dominating each site type,and Asteraceae and Gramineae as the dominant families.The highest values for the Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou evenness index,species richness index,and Simpson dominance index were observed in the shrub removal plot,while the lowest values were in the planting plot;no significant differences were found among the four diversity indices in the control plot,abandoned field,shrub removal plot and pruning plot(P>0.05).The distribution of biomass,both above-ground and below-ground,varied significantly among the experimental plots.Notably,the control plot exhibited the highest biomass levels,followed by the planting plot,while the abandoned field showed the lowest biomass accumulation.Delving deeper into root stratification,it was observed that root biomass decreased as the soil depth increasing.In the topsoil layer(0—20 cm),the planting plot boasted the highest root biomass,contrasting with the pruning plot that had the lowest.Moving down to the 20—40 cm layer,it was intriguing to find that the abandoned field displayed a notably higher root biomass compared to other plots(P<0.05).However,no significant disparities were detected in root biomass among different plot types in both the 10—20 cm and 40—60 cm soil layers.The aboveground biomass of herbaceous plants exhibited significantly negative correlation with the Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Simpson dominance index,and Pielou evenness index(P<0.01),while showing no significant correlation with the species richness index(P>0.05).Both belowground biomass and total biomass did not demonstrate significant correlations with any of the four diversity indices.In summary,the original habitat protection measures mainly focused on natural regeneration and were supplemented by targeted interventions such as shrub removal and pruning.At the same time,the proportion of aboveground and underground biomass was controlled to slow down the destructive effects of root splitting and biological weathering,promote species diversity and biomass stability in the range most conducive to site protection and display.
作者
赵凡
钟欣艺
谢平畅
胡芮
郝建锋
姚雪
ZHAO Fan;ZHONG Xinyi;XIE Pingchang;HU Rui;HAO Jianfeng;YAO Xue(Cultural Relics and Archaeology Institute of Sichuan,Chengdu 610041,China;College of Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Deyang City Guanghan Sanxingdui Site Management Committee,Deyang 618300,China;Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Department of Tourism and History Cultural,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China)
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第19期8716-8725,共10页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31370628)
三星堆遗址植被调查项目(003-2222339006)
四川省科技计划项目(2023YFS0463)
教育部人文社会科学研究项目(22YJCZH219)。
关键词
三星堆遗址城墙
原生境保护
物种多样性
生物量
人工维护
草本植物群落
Sanxingdui City Wall
in situ conservation
species diversity
biomass
maintenance measures
herbaceous plant communities
