摘要
探究乡村振兴背景下乡村韧性动态演变及影响因素,对于脱贫山区推进乡村全面振兴与实现乡村可持续发展具有重要意义。陕南秦巴山区受脆弱生态环境以及薄弱经济基础的双重胁迫,脱贫乡村发展与农户生计仍面临不确定性风险。以陕南秦巴山区28个县区为例,将乡村韧性分解为经济、社会、生态以及制度四个维度,构建乡村韧性指标体系并对其进行量化,运用GIS技术和地理探测器探究乡村韧性的时空演变及影响因素。结果显示:(1)陕南秦巴山区2010—2021年乡村韧性整体呈先下降后上升的趋势。社会韧性与经济韧性变化较小,制度韧性逐年上升,生态韧性逐年下降。(2)近10年土地资源利用、文化教育等是乡村韧性分异的主导因子,且制约因子由生态维度转向社会维度,乡村基础教育与农业生产效率影响程度不断加深,土地利用与人口结构的作用不断减弱。(3)依据研究区乡村振兴背景下面临的现实问题,针对各县区乡村韧性提升的短板和关键影响因子,从产业、人才、组织、文化、生态五大振兴出发提出了脱贫山区韧性提升的建设路径及对策。乡村产业振兴方面应打造新兴产业集群,提升农业现代化水平;乡村人才振兴方面应开展农户就业扶持活动,政策吸引人才返乡下乡;乡村文化振兴方面应推进教育新型基础设施建设,建立农民群众文化需求反馈机制;乡村生态振兴方面应优化农业生产结构和区域布局,盘活耕地资源促进绿色生产;乡村组织振兴方面应探索多元组织协作,全面建立健全村务监督委员会,为未来脱贫山区韧性建设提供了参考依据。
Investigating the dynamic evolution and influencing factors of rural resilience under the background of rural revitalization is of paramount significance for promoting comprehensive rural revitalization and achieving sustainable development in impoverished mountainous regions.The Qinling Daba Mountains in southern Shaanxi are subjected to dual pressures from fragile ecological environments and weak economic foundations,leading to uncertainties in the development of poverty-alleviation villages and rural livelihoods.Selecting the 28 counties and districts in the southern Shaanxi Qinling Daba Mountains,the rural resilience is dissected into four dimensions:economic,social,ecological,and institutional.A rural resilience index system is constructed and quantified,and GIS technology and geographic detectors are employed to explore the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of rural resilience.The results reveal:(1)From 2010 to 2021,the overall trend of rural resilience in the southern Shaanxi Qinling Daba Mountains shows an initial decline followed by subsequent improvement.While social resilience and economic resilience exhibit minor changes,institutional resilience shows an annual increase,whereas ecological resilience demonstrates a gradual decline.(2)Over the past decade,factors such as land resource utilization and cultural education have emerged as the dominant factors driving the differentiation of rural resilience.Additionally,constraints have shifted from the ecological dimension to the social dimension,with the impact of rural basic education and agricultural production efficiency continuously deepening,while the roles of land use and population structure have been diminishing.(3)Based on the real issues faced by the study area under the backdrop of rural revitalization,strategies and pathways for enhancing rural resilience in various counties and districts are proposed.These strategies stem from five aspects of revitalization:industry,talent,organization,culture,and ecology.Specifically,in terms of rural industrial revitalization,efforts should focus on fostering emerging industrial clusters and upgrading agricultural modernization.In terms of rural talent revitalization,initiatives should include supporting rural employment for farmers and attracting talent back to rural areas through policy incentives.Regarding rural cultural revitalization,advancing the construction of new educational infrastructure and establishing feedback mechanisms for cultural needs of rural residents are essential.In terms of rural ecological revitalization,optimizing agricultural production structure and regional layout,as well as revitalizing cultivated land resources to promote green production,are imperative.Lastly,in terms of rural organizational revitalization,exploring diverse organizational collaborations and comprehensively establishing sound village oversight committees are essential measures.These suggestions provide a reference basis for future efforts in enhancing resilience in poverty-alleviation areas.
作者
白玉玲
陈佳
尹莎
李润阳
杨新军
BAI Yuling;CHEN Jia;YIN Sha;LI Runyang;YANG Xinjun(College of Urban and Environment Science,Northwest University,Xi′an 710127,China;College of Management,Xi′an University of Finance and Economics,Xi′an 710100,China)
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第19期8798-8811,共14页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(42201222)。
关键词
乡村振兴
乡村韧性
陕南秦巴山区
地理探测器
变化斜率法
rural revitalization
rural resilience
Qinling Daba Mountains in Southern Shaanxi
geographic detector
change slope method
