摘要
【研究目的】在全球气候变化和人类活动不断扩展的背景下,自然生态系统及其提供的服务功能面临着日益严重的威胁和衰退。为应对这一挑战,确定并保护对生态可持续性具有重大价值的关键地点变得至关重要。生态安全格局是指一种全面策略和方法,旨在保障区域生态可持续性。【研究方法】本研究基于In−VEST模型、PLUS模型和电路理论等,对西北干旱区天山地区生态系统服务与生态安全格局(ESP)的动态变化进行了评价。【研究结果】1990—2050年土地利用/覆盖变化(LUCC)空间分布上基本稳定。近30年来总转换面积为32.52×10^(3)km^(2),主要是荒地和草地之间的转化。与2020年相比,2050年自然增长(ND)、生态保护(EP)和城市发展(UD)情景下的土地总转换面积分别为21.43×10^(3)km^(2)、23.09×10^(3)km^(2)、22.87×10^(3)km^(2),其中林地面积净增加的最多,主要由草地转化而成。EP情景下林地、草地和水体面积增加。其他两种情景下建设用地和耕地面积大幅扩大。与ND和UD情景相比,EP情景的生态系统服务功能更大。1990—2050年天山地区ESP存在明显的空间差异,较大的生态源和较小的阻力廊道主要分布在天山地区生态系统服务功能较高的中部和北部。相反,破碎的生态源和较大的抗性廊道大多分布在被沙地、裸地或山地阻隔的西部地区。东南部为荒漠地区,没有生态源,缺乏生态廊道。近30年来,生态源区面积减少了1.84×10^(3)km^(2),呈现破碎化趋势,生态网络更加复杂。与2020年相比,2050年EP情景下的生态源面积和夹点面积分别增加10.53×10^(3)km^(2)和0.11×10^(3)km^(2),生态障碍带点面积减少0.38×10^(3)km^(2)。除EP场景外,其余两种情景的生态源面积也有所增加,但低于EP场景。【结论】生态保护情景在塑造LUCC的过程中起到了重要的作用,对维护生态安全和生态系统的完整性具有极大的意义。
This paper is the result of ecological geological survey engineering.[Objective]Under the background of global climate change and the continuous expansion of human activities,natural ecosystems and their service functions are facing increasingly serious threats and recessions.In order to address this challenge,it is critical to identify and protect key sites that are of great value to ecological sustainability.Ecological security pattern refers to a comprehensive strategy and method to ensure regional ecological sustainability.[Methods]Based on the In−VEST model,PLUS model and circuit theory,this study evaluated the dynamic changes of ecosystem services and ecological security pattern(ESP)in the Tianshan Mountains in the arid region of Northwest China.[Results]The spatial distribution of land use type(LUCC)was basically stable from 1990 to 2050.In the past 30 years,the total conversion area was 32.52×10^(3)km^(2),which was mainly the conversion between wasteland and grassland.Compared with 2020,the total land conversion areas under the scenarios of Natural development scenario(ND),Ecological protection scenario(EP)and Urban development scenario(UD)in 2050 are 21.43×10^(3)km^(2),23.09×10^(3)km^(2)and 22.87×10^(3)km^(2),respectively.Among them,the net increase of forest land area is the most,which is mainly transformed from grassland.The area of forest land,grassland and water body increased under EP scenario.In the other two scenarios,the area of construction land and cultivated land has expanded significantly.Compared with ND and UD scenarios,the ecosystem service function of EP scenario is greater.There are obvious spatial differences in ESP in the Tianshan Mountains from 1990 to 2050.The larger ecological sources and smaller resistance corridors are mainly distributed in the central and northern parts of the Tianshan Mountains with higher ecosystem service functions.On the contrary,broken ecological sources and large resistance corridors are mostly distributed in the western region blocked by sand,bare land or mountains.The southeast is a desert area,with no ecological source and lack of ecological corridors.In the past 30 years,the area of ecological source area has decreased by 1.84×10^(3)km^(2),showing a trend of fragmentation,and the ecological network is more complex.Compared with 2020,the area of ecological source and pinch point under EP scenario in 2050 will increase by 10.53×10^(3)km^(2)and 0.11×10^(3)km^(2)respectively,and the area of ecological barrier zone will decrease by 0.38×10^(3)km^(2).In addition to the EP scenario,the ecological source area of the other two scenarios also increased,but lower than the EP scenario.[Conclusions]Ecological protection scenarios play a vital role in shaping LUCC and are of great significance for maintaining ecological security and ecosystem integrity.
作者
陈武迪
刘晓煌
李洪宇
孙兴丽
王玉刚
刘晓洁
邢莉圆
王然
雒新萍
王超
赵宏慧
CHEN Wudi;LIU Xiaohuang;LI Hongyu;SUN Xingli;WANG Yugang;LIU Xiaojie;XING Liyuan;WANG Ran;LUO Xinping;WANG Chao;ZHAO Honghui(School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China;Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects,Beijing 100055,China;Natural ResourcesComprehensive Survey Command Center,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100055,China;Hebei University of Geosciences,Shijiazhuang 050031,Hebei,China;State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;National Fukang Desert Ecosystem Field Sciences Observation and Research Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Fukang 831505,Xinjiang,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China)
出处
《中国地质》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期1644-1663,共20页
Geology in China
基金
科技部第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk090405,2021xjkk140104)
中国地质调查局项目(DD20230514)联合资助。
关键词
土地利用类型模拟
生态系统服务
生态地质调查工程
生态安全格局
电路理论
land use type simulation
ecosystem services
ecological geological survey engineering
ecological security pattern
circuit theory
