摘要
亲属拒证制度不应局限于庭审阶段的近亲属免于强制出庭作证。2012年《刑事诉讼法》增设的亲属免证制度既是对法治文化传统所蕴含的“容隐”观念的扬弃,也是对当下社会治理需要的回应。然而,不论是古代亲属拒证权从民间观念到法律权利的法律规制进程,还是曾经片面追究实体真实等思维藩篱下废除亲属拒证制度,既不符合限制自由以实现自由的形式法治,也不符合法律给予人行为指引的实质法治。当前局限于庭审阶段的亲属免证制度并未充分达成法治应有之义,依赖司法矫治而孤立社会自我规训,导致社会治理成本不断上升等问题。在《刑事诉讼法》新一轮修订背景下系统设计中国式亲属拒证制度,须建立在权属主体为亲属—被告人“双主体”的基础上,明确亲属拒证权适用案件范围的四种例外与内容范围的适度扩大,并通过修订《刑法》妨碍司法类犯罪中关于亲属的规定,以实现刑事实体法与程序法法秩序的统一。
The relative refusal system should not be limited to the exemption of close relatives from being forced to testify in court at the trial stage.The relative exemption system added to the Criminal Procedure Law in 2012 is not only an abandonment of the concept of"tolerance"contained in the cultural tradition of the rule of law,but also a response to the needs of social governance in the new era.However,whether it is the process of legal regulation of the right to refuse certification of relatives in ancient times from folk concepts to legal rights,or the abolition of the system of refusing to testify relatives under the barriers of thinking such as one-sided pursuit of entity truth,it is neither in line with the formal rule of law that restricts freedom to achieve freedom,nor is it consistent with the formal rule of law that restricts freedom to achieve freedom.It is consistent with the substantive rule of law that the law gives to people’s behavioral guidance.The current relative exemption system,which is limited to the court hearing stage,does not fully achieve the proper meaning of the rule of law.It relies on judicial correction and isolates social self-discipline,leading to problems such as rising social governance costs.In the context of the new round of revisions of the Criminal Procedure Law,the systematic design of the Chinese-style relative refusal system must be based on the"dual subjects"of the relative and the defendant,and the four categories of cases to which the right of relative refusal is applicable must be clarified.The scope of exceptions and content should be appropriately expanded,and the provisions on relatives in the crime of obstruction of justice in the Criminal Code should be revised to achieve the unification of substantive criminal law and procedural law.
作者
王译晨
王晓华
WANG Yi-chen;WANG Xiao-hua
出处
《江苏警官学院学报》
2024年第4期30-40,共11页
Journal of Jiangsu Police Institute
基金
湖南省人民检察院未成年人检察理论研究基地研究项目“检察主导侵害未成年人犯罪诉源治理路径优化研究——以S市经验为例”(22WJJDZC03)。
关键词
亲属拒证
质证权
证据规则
法治化
社会治理
right of relatives to refuse testimony
right to confrontation
rules of evidence,rule of law
social governance
