摘要
目前生态环境法典编纂与《国家公园法》《自然保护地法》的制定工作均在进行中,如何妥善处理法典与单行法之间的关系亟待理论解答。方兴未艾的自然保护地体系改革亟须法律体系的重构,而当下分散立法模式下的自然保护地立法难以满足体系重构需求,需要借助生态环境法典编纂实现体系化立法。为了弥补现行自然保护地法律规定的体系性缺陷,生态环境法典应代替《自然保护地法》提供自然保护地领域的一般法规范,与《国家公园法》《自然保护区条例》等自然保护地单行法构成“一般法与特别法”的关系,并以构建包含生态优先、严格保护、系统治理、全民共享、多元共治等原则的内在价值体系为重点。据此体系定位,生态环境法典自然保护地条款应主要规定自然保护地的定义与管理原则、分类分级、管理体制等一般规定条款,以及设置规划与设立、管控与保护、自然资源管理、可持续利用等重点制度条款。
Currently,the compilation of the Ecological and Environmental Code and the formulation of the"National Park Law"and the"Natural Protected Areas Law"are underway.The question of how to appropriately handle the relationship between the code and specific laws urgently requires a theoretical solution.The ongoing reform of the natural protected areas system urgently needs a restructuring of the legal system.Under the current fragmented legislative model,legislation of natural protected areas is unable to meet the requirements for system restructuring,necessitating systematized legislation through the compilation of the Ecological and Environmental Code.To take advantage of legislative opportunities to remedy the systemic flaws in the current natural protected areas law,the Ecological and Environmental Code should replace the"Natural Protected Areas Law"to provide general legal norms for all natural protected areas.It should form a"general law plus special law"relationship with specific laws for natural protected areas,such as the"National Park Law"and the"Natural Reserves Regulation",focusing on building an intrinsic value system that includes principles of ecological priority,strict protection,systematic governance,universal sharing,and diversified co-management.According to this system positioning,the provisions of the Ecological and Environmental Code on natural protected areas should primarily specify the definition and management principles of natural protected areas,classification and categorization,management systems,and other general provisions,as well as key institutional provisions on planning and establishment,control and protection,natural resource management,and sustainable use.
出处
《法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第10期178-192,共15页
Law Science
关键词
生态环境法典
自然保护地法
国家公园法
自然保护区条例
ecological and environmental code
natural protected areas law
national park law
natural reserves regulation
