摘要
单晶高温合金的薄壁效应是指当试样、零件厚度小于1 mm时,其持久寿命减少、蠕变速率增加以及其他力学性能发生显著衰减的现象。随着先进航空发动机单晶叶片零件内部冷却结构的发展,其部分区域结构厚度的减小使其属于典型的薄壁结构,因此在设计与制造叶片的过程中将薄壁区域的薄壁效应纳入考量具有重要工程意义。蠕变性能是航发叶片单晶高温合金材料最重要的性能之一,本文总结了单晶高温合金蠕变性能薄壁效应方面的研究以及薄壁效应研究中发展的先进实验设备。引起蠕变性能薄壁效应的机制包括氧化作用相对增强、各向异性效应更加显著、微观组织的变化、缺陷的萌生与运动方式变化,对蠕变薄壁效应产生影响的因素则有实验条件(温度、应力等),加工方式(直接铸造,机械加工),几何外形(矩形截面、环形截面、打气膜孔)。对单晶高温合金薄壁效应的研究属于工程应用范畴,薄壁件作为“积木式”验证评价技术中“元件级/模拟件级”的一环,在服役环境或近服役环境条件下研究薄壁效应就使得研究结果更具有应用价值,为此,国内外发展了各式各样的实验设备平台用于模拟叶片在发动机内的某一个或几种耦合服役条件(高温、高压、腐蚀/冲蚀、离心加载)。未来薄壁效应的研究应当在更接近实际服役条件下进行,即按实际叶片制造工艺制备实验试样,并在模拟服役环境设备上进行实验。
The thin-wall effect of single crystal superalloys refers to the phenomenon that when the thickness of the sample and the part is less than 1 mm,the lasting life is reduced,the creep rate is increased and other mechanical properties are significantly attenuated.With the development of the internal cooling structure of advanced aero-engine single crystal blade parts,the structural thickness of some areas decreases,making it a typical thin-walled structure.Thus,it is of great engineering significance to consider the thin-wall effect in the thin-wall region during the design and manufacture of blades.Creep performance is one of the most important properties of superalloys for turbine blade application.This paper summarizes the thin-wall effect in creep performance of the superalloys as well as some advanced experimental equipment in the study of thin-wall effect.Research on thin-wall debit effect of superalloys can be divided into two categories,one is the cause of thin-wall debit,including the relative enhancement of oxidation,more significance in anisotropy,changes in microstructure and the initiation or growth of defects,and the factors that influence the thin-wall debit effect including experimental conditions(temperature,stress,etc.),the processing methods(casting,machining),geometric shape(rectangular cross-section,ring cross-section,film cooling holes).Research on thin-wall debit effect is within the scope of engineering application,as a part of“component level/analog component level”in“building block”verification and evaluation technology,thin-wall debit effect research under service environment or near-service environment conditions is more valuable for application.For this purpose,a variety of advanced experimental equipment platforms have been developed to simulate one or several coupled service conditions(high temperature,high pressure,corrosion/erosion,centrifugal loading)of the blade in the engine.Future research on thin-wall effects should be carried out under conditions closer to actual service conditions by preparing specimens according to the actual blade manufacturing process and conducting experiments on the equipment that simulates the service environment.
作者
张曾凯
尚勇
常可可
茹毅
赵海根
赵文月
李树索
宫声凯
裴延玲
ZHANG Zengkai;SHANG Yong;CHANG Keke;RU Yi;ZHAO Haigen;ZHAO Wenyue;LI Shusuo;GONG Shengkai;PEI Yanling(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;Tianmushan Laboratory,Hangzhou 311115,China;Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials,Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ningbo 315201,Zhejiang,China;Research Institute of Aero-Engine,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)
出处
《航空材料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期105-116,共12页
Journal of Aeronautical Materials
基金
北京市自然科学基金(22B20116)
浙江省自然科学基金(LZ23E020005)
航空发动机及燃气轮机基础科学中心项目(P2021-A-Ⅳ-001-003,P2022-B-Ⅳ-009-001)
中国航空发动机集团产学研合作项目(HFZL2021CXY016)。
关键词
单晶高温合金
薄壁效应
薄截面效应
蠕变
近工况
single crystal superalloys
thin-wall debit effect
thin section effect
creep
service condition
