编纂生态环境法典的重大理论问题研究

Several Fundamental Issues on Environmental Jurisprudence in Response to the Compilation of Ecological Environmental Code

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摘要生态环境法典的编纂对环境法学的若干基本问题提出了新时代环境法学守正与创新、完善与突破的挑战。首先,自然生态保护法是环境法体系的新兴组成部分,是生态文明体制机制改革和建设成果的集中反映,生态环境法典编纂应吸纳并展现这一领域的最新成就。自然生态保护法按照保护目的和方式不同又可分为自然保护法和生态保护法领域。自然保护法采取禁止和限制开发利用方式对原真自然生态系统和生物多样性进行保护;生态保护法对自然生态系统进行维护,尤其注重对生态破坏后果的修复、治理和恢复。生态环境法典编纂已经考虑设立自然生态保护编,表明法典与学理的融贯。其次,全面确认环境权是生态环境法典编纂的重要使命,其重大意义表现在:能充分体现以人民为中心的发展思想,是中国参与全球人权治理的重要基石,环境权作为环境法学科的基础性概念具有重要的法学价值。环境权全面入典,应规定环境权的一般性概念和具体类型,兼顾实体性和程序性的内容。再次,生态环境法典编纂重启环境法是否为独立部门法的学理讨论。不同的定位将决定法典不同的编纂模式、结构和制度内容。将环境法认定为领域法,将削弱学术共同体和法治建设共同体对环境法的法体系发展的主观确信,不利于环境立法、执法和司法的整体协调发展。环境法作为独立部门法有利于法律制度的体系化建设。最后,编纂生态环境法典应当充分考虑全球生态环境法治的发展趋势,准确把握其内在价值规律和制度发展运行逻辑,以整体主义生态观指引法典的内在体系构造,确立环境正义原则,构建沟通、协商制度,加强专家和公众参与决策,增强我国环境法典编纂在全球生态法律秩序中的引领性和贡献度。 The compilation of Chinese ecological and environmental code poses challenges in the new era,particularly in the areas of legal innovation,development,preservation and reformation of legal principles and institutions.First,nature conservation and ecological protection law is a newly emerged component of environmental law,reflecting the most achievements in environmental legal reform and China’s ecological civilization construction.The compilation of the ecological and environmental code must incorporate such advancements in this field.Conceptually,natural ecological conservation law can be further divided into two primary categories based on its purposes and methods:the first is nature conservation law focusing on the preservation of pristine natural ecosystems and biodiversity through prohibitions and restrictions on development and exploitation;the second is ecological protection law,which focuses on the restoration,rehabilitation,and damage recovery of ecosystems to maintain their service functions.The proposal to formulate a section on natural ecological protection in the ecological and environmental code demonstrates the integration of compilation with the above legal theory on natural ecological conservation law.Secondly,a crucial mission of the ecological and environmental code is to affirm environmental rights comprehensively.This objective is of great significance as it fully embodies the rule of law’s stance of“people-centeredness,”and serves as a key foundation for China’s participation in global human rights governance,and as a foundational concept in environmental jurisprudence to increase substantial legal value into the whole legal and regulatory framework of environmental protection.The recognition of environmental rights in the code should encompass both a general concept and specific types of environmental rights,ensuring a balance between substantive and procedural dimensions.Third,the compilation of the ecological and environmental code reignites the theoretical debate on the status of environmental law:should it continue to be regarded as an independent branch of law,or has it become merely an area concerning environmental protection?Such positioning of environmental law will determine the compilation model,structure,and institutional contents.The rejection of environmental law as a specialized branch of law may weaken the subjective conviction within the academic and legal communities regarding the development of environmental legal and regulatory rules into a wholistic and logistic legal system,potentially hindering the progress of environmental legislation,enforcement and adjudication.Consequently,the recognition of environmental law as an independent branch of law is conducive not only to the systematic construction of the legal framework but also to the compilation of ecological and environmental code.Finally,the compilation of an ecological and environmental code should take full account of the global trend towards in the rule of law,accurately grasp its intrinsic value system and the logic of its institutional development.The code should establish the principle of environmental justice and emphasize the importance of communication and consultation mechanisms,as well as experts and public participation in order to enhance the role of Chinese code in shaping global ecological legal order.

作者杜群黄辉孙佑海高利红 DU Qun;HUANG Hui;SUN Youhai;GAO Lihong

机构地区北京航空航天大学法学院福州大学法学院天津大学法学院中南财经政法大学法学院环境资源法研究所

出处《西南政法大学学报》 2024年第5期3-30,共28页 Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law

基金国家社科基金重大专项“社会主义核心价值观融入生态法治建设的基本路径和法律样态”(19VHJ016) 国家社科基金重大项目“生物资源管控与生态安全规制”(20&ZD093) 台达集团中达环境法学教育促进计划。

关键词生态环境法典自然生态保护法环境权独立部门法法典的全球秩序观 ecological and environmental code nature conservation and ecological protection law environmental rights independent branch of law ideology of global order in compilation