摘要
【目的】筛选抗奶牛热应激的中药组方及适用剂量,为中药抗奶牛热应激提供参考。【方法】以“补气养血,养阴生津”兼顾“清热凉血”为原则,组建中药组方TCM1、TCM2和TCM3。选择产奶量、乳指标相似的奶牛40头,随机分为TCM1、TCM2、TCM3和对照组(CON),每组10头。CON组饲喂常规饲粮,其他各组分别饲喂添加TCM1、TCM2和TCM3的饲粮。分别于试验第1、7、14、21、28、30天采集奶样,检测乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率和体细胞数,并记录每头牛产奶量,筛选最佳中药组方。针对选定组方,选择产奶量和乳指标相近的健康奶牛40头,随机分为高(30 g/(头·d))、中(20 g/(头·d))、低(15 g/(头·d))剂量组和对照组,每组10头。对照组饲喂常规饲粮,其他各组分别饲喂添加不同剂量中药的饲粮。分别于试验第1、15、31天采集奶样并检测乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率和体细胞数,记录每头牛的产奶量,筛选最佳用药剂量。【结果】组方筛选结果显示:①乳脂率测定结果显示,第21天,TCM1组显著高于CON和TCM2组(P<0.05),与TCM3组无显著差异(P>0.05);第28天,TCM1、TCM2和TCM3组显著高于CON组(P<0.05),且各中药组间无显著差异(P>0.05);第30天,TCM1和TCM3组显著高于TCM2和CON组。乳蛋白率测定结果显示,第14、21天,TCM1组显著高于CON组(P<0.05);其他时间点各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。整个试验期间,各组乳糖率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。②产奶量测定结果显示,第14、21、28、30天,各中药组产奶量均显著高于CON组(P<0.05),且第28天时TCM3组显著高于TCM2组(P<0.05)。4%标准乳(4%FCM)测定结果显示,第14天及以后各时间点,各中药组均显著高于CON组(P<0.05);第14天,TCM3组显著高于TCM1组(P<0.05);第28、30天,TCM3组显著高于TCM2组(P<0.05)。③体细胞数测定结果显示,第14天,TCM3组显著低于CON组(P<0.05);第21、28、30天,TCM3组显著低于TCM1组(P<0.05)。剂量筛选结果显示:①各组间乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。②产奶量测定结果显示,第15天,中、高剂量组产奶量显著高于低剂量组和对照组(P<0.05),各组间的4%FCM均无显著差异(P>0.05);第31天,中、高剂量组产奶量和4%FCM均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。③体细胞数测定结果显示,第15天,中、高剂量组显著低于低剂量组和对照组(P<0.05);第31天,各中药组显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且中、高剂量组显著低于低剂量组(P<0.05)。【结论】筛选出具有良好的抗奶牛热应激效果的中药组方TCM3,推荐应用剂量为20 g/(头·d)。
【Objective】This study was aimed to screening traditional Chinese medicine formulas and their applicable dosages for anti-heat stress in dairy cows,and providing reference for traditional Chinese medicine in anti-heat stress in dairy cows.【Method】With the principle of“supplementing qi and nourishing blood,nourishing yin and generating fluids”and“clearing heat and cooling blood”,three traditional Chinese medicine formulas were formulated,which were named TCM1,TCM2 and TCM3,respectively.40 dairy cows with similar milk production and milk composition were selected,and randomly divided into 4 groups TM1,TM2,TM3 and control(CON)groups(n=10).Dairy cows in CON group were fed with conventional diet,while in the other three groups were fed with diets supplemented with TCM1,TCM2 and TCM3,respectively.On the 1st,7th,14th,21st,28th and 30th day of the experiment,the milk production of each group of dairy cows was recorded,and the milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage,lactose percentage,and somatic cell number in milk were measured to screen for the best traditional Chinese medicine formula.Based on the selected formula,40 healthy dairy cows with similar milk production and milk indicators were selected and randomly divided into high-dose group(30 g/(head·d)),medium dose group(20 g/(head·d)),low-dose group(15 g/(head·d))and control group(n=10).Dairy cows in control group were fed with conventional diet,while each traditional Chinese medicine group was fed with a diet with different doses of traditional Chinese medicine,respectively.The milk production of each cow was recorded on the 1st,15th,31st day of the experiment.The milk samples were collected from each group,and the milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage,lactose percentage,and somatic cell number were measured for screening the optimal dosage of medication.【Result】Results of formula screening test:①The results of milk fat percentage measurement showed that,On the 21st day,the milk fat percentage in TCM1 group was significantly higher than of CON and TCM2 groups(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference compared to TCM3 group(P>0.05).On the 28th day,the milk fat percentage in TCM1,TCM2 and TCM3 groups was significantly higher than that of CON group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference among them(P>0.05).On the 30th day,the milk fat percentage of TCM1 and TCM3 groups was significantly higher than that of TCM2 and CON groups.The milk protein percentage in TCM1 was significantly higher than that of CON group(P<0.05)on the 14th and 21th day.And there were no significant differences between the experimental groups at other time points.There was no significant difference in lactose percentage among the groups during the experiment(P>0.05).②The results of milk production measurement showed that,on the 14th,21st,28th and 30th day,milk production in all traditional Chinese medicine groups was significantly higher than that of CON group(P<0.05).On the 28th day,milk production in TCM3 group was significantly higher than that in TCM2 group(P<0.05).The test results of 4%FCM showed that,at the 14th day and subsequent time points,4%FCM of all traditional Chinese medicine groups showed a significantly higher level than that of CON group(P<0.05).On the 14th day,TCM3 group was significantly higher than that of TCM1 group(P<0.05).On the 28th and 30th day,4%FCM of TCM3 group was significantly higher than that of TCM2 group(P<0.05).③The results of somatic cell count(SCC)measurement showed that,on the 14th day,the SCC of TCM3 group was significantly lower than that of CON group(P<0.05).On the 21st,28th and 30th day,the SCC of TCM3 group was significantly lower than that of TCM1 group.On the 21st and 30th day,the SCC of TCM2 group was significantly lower than that of TCM1 group(P<0.05).The dose screening results showed that:①There were no significant difference in milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage,lactose percentage among all the groups(P>0.05).②The results of milk production level measurement showed that,on the 15th day,the actual milk production of medium and high dose groups were significantly higher than that of low dose group and control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the 4%FCM among all the groups(P>0.05).On the 31st day,the actual milk production and 4%FCM of medium and high dose groups were significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05).③The results of SCC measurement showed that,on the 15th day,each SCC of medium and high dose groups was significantly lower than that of low dose group and control group(P<0.05).On the 31st day,each SCC of all traditional Chinese medicine groups was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05),and SCC of medium and high dose groups were significantly lower than that of low dose group(P<0.05).【Conclusion】The traditional Chinese medicine formula selected with the best anti-heat stress effect on dairy cows was TCM3.The recommended amount of additives was 20 g/(head·d).
作者
王晓芳
王亚文
李杰峰
符乐
张宁
秦建华
WANG Xiaofang;WANG Yawen;LI Jiefeng;FU Le;ZHANG Ning;QIN Jianhua(Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;Hebei Provincial Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Baoding 071000,China)
出处
《中国畜牧兽医》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第11期5064-5073,共10页
China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine
基金
河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛/肉牛产业创新团队定州综合试验推广站(HBCT2024180406)
围场御道口智慧、循环农牧业示范区建设(202202F016)。
关键词
奶牛
热应激
中药组方
筛选
应用
dairy cows
heat stress
traditional Chinese medicine
screening
application
