摘要
木材是一种纯天然、低成本、可再生的材料,在微观结构上是由纤维素、半纤维素、木质素通过分子间作用力形成的多层骨架构筑而成。近年来,由于木材无毒、质轻、各向异性、高模量、高强度、高韧性等优点,已引起研究人员的极大兴趣,通过结合其结构优势与功能化设计,可以得到具有优异性能的功能化木材。半纤维素和木质素基质结合纤维素原纤维在木材中进行分层排列,在不改变纤维素原纤维分级排列的条件下去除木材细胞壁中的木质素,并添加不同功能材料可以制备功能化木材。鉴于此,本文总结了各类木材脱木质素的主要方法如酸法、碱法、低共熔溶剂法、过氧化氢法等,及其功能材料的应用如透明木材、导电木材、柔性材料、光热储能转换材料、高机械性能复合材料等,并展望了脱木质素木材的未来发展前景。
Wood is a purely natural,low-cost,renewable material.At the microscopic level,wood was constructed through intermolecular force into a multi-layer skeleton structure composed of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin.In recent years,due to its inherent advantages such as being non-toxic,light weight,anisotropy,high modulus,high strength and high toughness,wood had aroused great research interest among researchers.By combining its structural advantages and functional design,funclionalized wood with excellent properties could be obtained.The hemicellulose and lignin matrix bind cellulose fibril and form a layered structure in wood.The lignin in wood cell wall could be removed without changing the hierarchical arrangement of cellulose fibril,and the functionalized wood could be prepared by adding different functional materials.In view of this,this review summarized the main methods of various types of wood delignification(such as acid method,alkali method,deep eutectic solvent method,hydrogen peroxide method,etc.)and the applications of these functionalized wood materials(such as transparent wood,conductive wood,flexible materials,photothermal energy storage conversion materials,high mechanical performance composite materials,etc.),and looked forward to the future development prospects of delignification wood.
作者
杨伟军
张明通
高梦滢
张雨
叶青
祝新利
YANG Weijun;ZHANG Mingtong;GAO Mengying;ZHANG Yu;YE Qing;ZHU Xinli(School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids,Ministry of Education,School of Chemical and Material Engineering,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China;Zhejiang Rongsheng Environmental Protection Paper Co.,LTD,Jiaxing 314213,China)
出处
《林产化学与工业》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期52-64,共13页
Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51903106)。
关键词
木材
脱木质素
功能化
透明木材
导电木
wood
delignification
functionalization
transparent wood
conductive wood
