摘要
核科学技术的发展及原子能的和平利用是人类历史的重要一环。随着现代社会对核能用途的日益开发,加强核安全监管、提升核安全水平、推进全球核安全治理是保障核能长远发展和应用的基石。因此,核辐射探测技术在环境放射性检测、核电站安全监测、核事故应急监测、国土边境放射性监测、核与辐射恐怖袭击事件防范等领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。与此同时,核辐射探测技术得到了蓬勃的发展,在新材料的开发上也取得了诸多进展。核辐射探测器或核辐射探测材料是核辐射探测技术的重要载体。核辐射探测器的工作原理基于辐射粒子与探测介质之间的相互作用。该文从核辐射探测技术出发,基于核辐射探测材料的发展,介绍了国内外核辐射探测器的研究进展及应用现状,并展望了新型核辐射探测器的发展前景与面临的挑战。
The development of nuclear science and technology and the peaceful use of atomic energy are an important link in human history.With the increasing exploration of nuclear energy applications in modern society,strengthening nuclear safety supervision,improving the level of nuclear safety,and promoting global nuclear safety governance are the cornerstones of ensuring the long-term devel⁃opment and application of nuclear energy.Therefore,nuclear radiation detection technology is in⁃creasingly vital in environmental radioactive detection,nuclear power plant safety monitoring,nu⁃clear accident emergency monitoring,land border radioactive monitoring,nuclear and radiological terrorism incidents prevention,and many other fields.Meanwhile,nuclear radiation detection tech⁃nology has been developed vigorously,and much progress has been made in developing new materi⁃als.Nuclear radiation detectors or nuclear radiation detection materials are essential carriers of nucle⁃ar radiation detection technology.The operational principle of the nuclear radiation detector is based on the interaction between the radiation particle and the detection medium.This review started with the nuclear radiation detection technology,based on the development of nuclear radiation detection materials,introducing the research progress and application status of the nuclear radiation detector both here and abroad,and looking into the development prospects and challenges of the new nuclear radiation detectors.
作者
蔡雅雯
王祥科
CAI Ya-wen;WANG Xiang-ke(College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,China;School of Life and Environmental Sciences,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing 312000,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102200,China)
出处
《分析测试学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第10期1512-1524,共13页
Journal of Instrumental Analysis
关键词
核辐射探测
气体探测器
闪烁体探测器
半导体探测器
nuclear radiation detection
gas detector
scintillation detector
semiconductor detector
