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基于纳米材料的抗菌光动力治疗在口腔感染性 疾病中的应用进展

Application on the advancements in nanomaterial⁃based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in oral infectious diseases
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摘要 抗菌光动力治疗是光敏剂在光照下产生活性氧,从而降低致病菌活性的治疗方法。近年来,该疗法逐步应用于口腔感染性疾病的治疗。单一光敏剂在组织和生物膜的穿透性较差,生物利用度低,研究者通过引入纳米材料改进光敏剂,增强抗菌光动力治疗的疗效。聚合物的优势在于可以通过调整其结构实现可控释放光敏剂,但它的稳定性难以保持;金属及金属氧化物本身具有较强的抗菌性能,但其潜在毒性需要深入评估;金属有机框架的灵活设计结构使其具备多功能性,但也存在稳定性和毒性问题。碳、硅纳米材料具有良好的抗菌性和生物相容性,但较高的制备成本限制了其广泛应用。壳聚糖、氧化石墨烯等具备抗菌效果的纳米材料具有更加广阔的应用前景,可以与光敏剂形成多模态协同抗菌平台,增强抗菌效果,消除感染。未来的研究可以增加其他功能材料,如抗炎材料、免疫调节材料等构建综合治疗纳米平台。 Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy uses photosensitizers to produce reactive oxygen species under light exposure to inhibit pathogenic bacteria.Although its application in the management of oral infectious diseases has in-creased over recent years,it is limited by inadequate tissue and biofilm penetration and suboptimal bioavailability exhib-ited by individual photosensitizers.These challenges can potentially be surmounted through the integration of nanomate-rials,such as polymers,metals and metal oxides,metal–organic frameworks,and carbon and silicon nanomaterials.Polymers allow the controlled release of photosensitizers through structural adjustments but have low stability,while metals and metal oxides possess strong antibacterial properties but can be potentially toxic.Meanwhile,metal–organic frameworks have flexible structures and multifunctionality but have low stability and potential toxicity.Moreover,carbon and silicon nanomaterials,despite exhibiting excellent antibacterial properties and biocompatibility,have limited appli-cation due to high production costs.Materials with inherent antibacterial properties,such as chitosan and graphene ox-ide,have broader application prospects,as they can form multimodal antibacterial platforms with photosensitizers,en-hancing the antibacterial effects and eliminating infections.Future research could incorporate other functional materials,such as anti-inflammatory agents and immunomodulatory materials,to construct comprehensive therapeutic nanoplat-forms for the treatment of oral infectious diseases.
作者 曲昌兴 刘钧 QU Changxing;LIU Jun(State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Center for Stomatology&Na-tional Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&The Department of Orthodontics,West China Hospital of Stomatol-ogy,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China)
出处 《口腔疾病防治》 2024年第11期879-885,共7页 Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases
基金 国家自然科学基金项目(82170934) 四川省科技计划项目(2022YFG0280)。
关键词 抗菌光动力治疗 光敏剂 活性氧 纳米材料 壳聚糖 氧化石墨烯 龋病 牙周炎 牙髓根尖周疾病 口腔感染性疾病 多模态抗菌疗法 antimicrobial photodynamic therapy photosensitizer reactive oxygenr nanomaterials chitosan graphene oxide caries periodontitis endodontic disease oral infectious diseases multimodal antimicrobial therapy
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