摘要
为明确豫中烟区不同接茬种植模式对烟株生长发育及综合效益的影响,以常规移栽为对照,安排了大麦接茬和小麦接茬种植烤烟大田试验。结果表明,大麦接茬移栽期较常规移栽晚8~10 d,大田生育期较常规移栽长8~9 d,小麦接茬移栽期较常规移栽晚31 d,大田生育期较常规移栽短4~9 d。不同种植模式各生育期光温水资源分配不同,大麦接茬还苗伸根期和旺长期雨热同期,成熟期日均温和日照时数与常规移栽差异较小;与常规移栽相比,小麦接茬还苗伸根期和旺长期日均温较高、昼夜温差较小,成熟期日均温较低、日照时数较少。栽后90 d时,小麦接茬干物质积累量明显低于常规移栽和大麦接茬。与常规移栽相比,大麦接茬增加了烤后烟叶还原糖含量,糖碱比协调性较好,但烤后烟叶氯含量受前茬施用含氯肥料影响较大,前茬施用含氯肥料明显增加烤后烟叶氯含量。大麦接茬烤后烟叶收益与常规移栽相当,但增加1季大麦收益,小麦接茬较常规移栽增加1季小麦收益,但烤后烟叶收益明显低于常规移栽,综合收益表现为大麦接茬>小麦接茬>常规移栽。综上,豫中烟区大麦-烤烟接茬种植模式烤后烟叶质量较好,综合效益较高,但大麦前茬需施用不含氯肥料,以避免前茬土壤氯过量残留和烤后烟叶氯含量较高。
In order to define the effects of different cropping patterns on the growth of flue-cured tobacco and comprehensive benefits in the middle of Henan Province,a field experiment of flue-cured tobacco with barley and wheat previous crops was conducted.The results showed that compared with conventional transplanting,the transplanting times of barley stubble and wheat stubble pattern were delayed by 8-10 days and 31 days respectively,the growth period of barley stubble increased by 8-9 days,and the growth period of wheat stubble pattern was shortened by 4-9 days.The distribution of light,temperature and water resources in different growth stages of different patterns were different,the rain and hot resources of barley stubble pattern were at same time in root-extending stage and fast-growing stage,and there were little differences in the daily mean temperature and sunshine hours of ripening stage between barley stubble pattern and conventional transplanting.But the daily mean temperature was higher and the temperature difference between day and night was higher in root-extending stage and fast-growing stage,the daily mean temperature was lower,the sunshine hours was less in harvest stage of wheat stubble pattern than conventional transplanting.At 90 days after transplanting,the dry weight of flue-cured tobacco of wheat stubble pattern was significantly lower than that of conventional transplanting and barley stubble pattern.Compared with conventional transplanting,barley stubble pattern increased the content of reducing sugar in flue-cured tobacco leaves,and the reducing sugar to nicotine ratio was better,however,the chlorine content in flue-cured tobacco leaves was significantly increased by the application of chlorine-containing fertilizers in the previous crop.Barley stubble pattern and conventional transplanting had the same outputs,but barley stubble pattern increased the yield of one-season barley.Although the wheat stubble pattern increased the yield of one-season wheat compared with conventional transplanting,but the flue-cured tobacco output of wheat stubble pattern was significantly lower than that of conventional transplanting,the comprehensive benefit was as follows:barley stubble pattern>wheat stubble pattern>conventional transplanting.In conclusion,the flue-cured tobacco quality of barley stubble pattern was better and the comprehensive benefit of it was higher in the middle of Henan Province.However,it is necessary to apply chlorine-free fertilizer in barley to avoid excessive chlorine residue in soil and high chlorine content in flue-cured tobacco leaves.
作者
宋瑞芳
刘巧真
郭芳阳
徐文正
李建华
王典
王满
吴照辉
韩会阁
张睿
宋艳丹
王孟孟
范艺宽
SONG Rui-fang;LIU Qiao-zhen;GUO Fang-yang(Henan Tobacco Company,Zhengzhou,Henan 450018;Tobacco Research Institute of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xuchang,Henan 461000)
出处
《安徽农业科学》
CAS
2024年第21期13-18,共6页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences
基金
河南省烟草公司科技项目(HNYGLCX202327)。
关键词
烤烟
接茬种植模式
大麦接茬
小麦接茬
综合效益
Flue-cured tobacco
Cropping patterns
Barley stubble pattern
Wheat stubble pattern
Comprehensive benefits
