摘要
城市应急避难场所科学合理布局是大型灾害来临时居民生命安全的有效保障。本文以南京主城区为例,采用手机用户画像数据获取日间和夜间人口分布信息,利用路径规划获取通行时间数据,通过高斯两步移动搜索法计算应急避难场所可达性,并基于应急避难场所有效避难人数信息分析应急避难场所供需比,剖析其供需失衡的成因。主要结论如下:①南京主城区应急避难场所空间布局与人口密度耦合性较高,在30 min内应急避难场所昼夜覆盖居民数量均较多,总体覆盖效能较好。②南京主城区应急避难场所可达性水平总体较低,可达性与人口密度呈负相关关系,应急避难场所可达性的空间分布存在不均衡性。③南京主城区应急避难场所与人口单元的供需比整体较差,特别是核心区和江北地区亟需加强应急避难场所的建设和布局优化。文章最后针对南京主城区应急避难场所空间布局存在的问题,从增加数量和优化存量两个方面提出了建议。
Urban emergency shelters are the places and facilities where the life and property of people are protected when and after disasters happen.A reasonable spatial layout of these places and facilities plays a crucial role in protecting the life of residents from major disasters such as earthquakes.With the main urban area of Nanjing as an example,mobile user portrait data are analyzed in this paper to obtain the information on daytime and nighttime distribution of urban populations.Travel time data are collected through path planning,and the accessibility of emergency shelters is calculated through the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method.Also,the information on the number of people taking shelter is used to analyze the supply-demand ratio of emergency shelters.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)There is a clear spatial separation of work from residence as shown by the distribution of population in the main urban area of Nanjing,and the density of population is higher in the core urban area than in the outer urban area.The spatial difference in daytime population density is more significant than in nighttime population density,and the spatial layout of emergency shelters is closely related to population density.The emergency shelters accessible within 30 minutes cover a large number of residents whether during daytime or nighttime,showing a basically high overall efficiency of coverage.(2)The accessibility of emergency shelters in the main urban area of Nanjing is generally low,showing a relatively high level in the outer urban area better than in the core urban area.The fluctuation of accessibility during daytime and nighttime is generally insignificant,with a negative correlation shown between accessibility and population density.There is unevenness in the spatial distribution of accessibility of emergency shelters.(3)The overall supply-demand ratio of emergency shelters in the main urban area of Nanjing is low,showing a higher level in the outer urban area than in the core urban area.In the core urban area and Jiangbei district,it is imperative to strengthen the construction and layout optimization of emergency shelters.Finally,suggestions are made in this paper to solve the problems with the spatial layout of emergency shelters in the main urban area of Nanjing.One is to increase the overall number of shelters and the other is to optimize the layout of the existing ones.
作者
葛昊宇
曹卫东
宋伟轩
GE Haoyu;CAO Weidong;SONG Weixuan(School of Geography and Tourism,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241002,Anhui,China;Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,CAS,Nanjing 211135,China;College of Geography and Remote Sensing,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)
出处
《地理研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第11期2887-2901,共15页
Geographical Research
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42171234)。
关键词
应急避难场所
时空覆盖效能
两步移动搜索法
供需比
手机用户画像数据
南京主城区
emergency shelters
spatiotemporal coverage efficacy
two-step floating catchment area method
supply-demand ratio
mobile user portrait data
the main urban area of Nanjing.
