摘要
扫描电子显微镜(SEM)主要用于材料的微观形貌表征,具有样品适用范围广泛、视野大、分辨率高等优点。结合剖面制样技术,可以分析微米级催化剂从表面到内部的形貌变化、元素的含量和元素在催化剂内部的分布,可以为活性元素的分布以及失活剂中沉积元素的分析提供最直观的数据。介绍了SEM的二次电子(SE)、背散射电子(BSE)及特征X射线等常用信号的原理;归纳了SEM及其重要附件能量色散谱(EDS)在石油化工加氢催化剂、S Zorb吸附材料、流化催化裂化(FCC)材料以及炼油厂积炭、跑粉等方面的应用。SEM+EDS表征相结合兼具对催化材料的表面形貌微纳米尺度观察和对催化剂微区组成检测的功能,对催化材料的研发以及工业装置中催化剂的全周期运转监测具有重要的意义。重点讨论了SEM+EDS表征技术以及与其他物化表征手段相结合在催化剂的表面形貌研究、负载型催化剂的金属分布、催化剂中毒后的元素分布等方面的应用。
Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)is mainly used for the microstructure characterization of materials,with the advantages of wide sample applicability,large field of view and high resolution.Combined with the profile sampling technology,it can analyze the morphology changes from the surface to the interior of micron catalysts,as well as the content and distribution of elements inside the catalysts,which can provide the most intuitive data for the distribution of active elements and the deposited elements.This paper briefly introduces the principles of commonly used signals such as secondary electrons(SE),backscattered electrons(BSE),and characteristic X-rays in SEM,reviews the applications of SEM and its important accessory,i.e.,energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)in petrochemical hydrogenation,S Zorb adsorption materials,fluid catalytic cracking(FCC)materials,as well as carbon deposition and powder leakage in refineries.The combination of SEM and EDS can not only observe the surface morphology of catalytic materials at the micro and nano scale,but also detect the composition of catalyst surface micro areas,which is of great significance for the research and development of catalytic materials and the full cycle operation monitoring of catalysts in industrial devices.This paper focuses on the application of the combined SEM-EDS technology and other physicochemical characterization methods in studying the surface morphology of catalysts,metal distribution of the supported catalyst,and element distribution of spent catalyst.
作者
刁玉霞
何文会
向彦娟
郑爱国
邱丽美
徐广通
DIAO Yuxia;HE Wenhui;XIANG Yanjuan;ZHENG Aiguo;QIU Limei;XU Guangtong(SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《石油学报（石油加工）》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期1769-1782,共14页
Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFA1504403)基金资助。
