摘要
本文认为,集中识字和分散识字在字种的“宏观分布”和“微观分布”上构成对立。从宏观分布来看,集中与分散的对立体现为主体识字任务量集中完成还是分散完成。从微观分布来看,集中与分散的对立在于文本字种密度的高低、文本用字是否优先考虑字的聚合关系。“集/散”宏观互补的实现,需因学习者而异,继承语学习者和低龄二语学习者宜适度地将识字任务量向基础学段集中,急于口头交际的二语学习者,可以保持目前识字量平均分布或向高级阶段集中的现状。“集/散”微观互补的实现,需在文本实践中立足汉语语素文字和意合型语言特点,兼顾字种密度和字的组、聚关系,尽可能地在教学文本中追求“字”与“文”的“致中和”。厘清集中与分散的对立与互补,执两用中,对国际中文教育汉字教学,乃至国际中文的整体教学思路都有重要意义。
This paper argues that centralized literacy and decentralized literacy constitute the minimal pairing in terms of“macro distribution”and“micro distribution”.From the macro distribution perspective,the contrariety between centralization and decentralization is reflected in whether the amount of literacy tasks completed by the subject is centralized or decentral⁃ized.From the micro distribution perspective,the contrariety between centralization and decentralization lies in the density of character species in the text and whether the paradigmatic relationship of characters is given priority.The implementation of macro complementarity in“centralization/decentralization”needs to vary among learners.Heritage language learners and young second language learners should moderately concentrate their literacy tasks towards the basic stage.Second language learners who are eager for oral communication can maintain the current average distribution of literacy or concentrate towards the advanced stage.The implementation of micro complementarity in“centralization/decentralization”requires to focus on the characteristics of morphogram and parataxis in text practice,paying attention to the density of character species in the text,taking into account the synthetic and paradigmatic relationship of characters,and striving for the“harmony”between“character”and“text”.Clarifying the opposition and complementarity between centralization and decentralization,and stick⁃ing to both sides,are of great significance for the teaching of Chinese characters in international Chinese language education,and even the overall teaching approach of international Chinese language.
作者
杜凤娇
王汉卫
DU Fengjiao;WANG Hanwei(College of Chinese Language and Culture,Jinan University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510610,China)
出处
《华文教学与研究》
CSSCI
2024年第4期26-33,59,共9页
TCSOL Studies
基金
北京市社会科学基金青年项目“面向国际中文教育的学术词表研究”(22YYC014)。
关键词
集中识字
分散识字
汉字教学
国际中文教育
centralized literacy
decentralized literacy
Chinese character teaching
international Chinese language educa⁃tion
