摘要
近视,作为全球性的公共卫生问题,发病率逐年攀升,对人类视力健康构成严重威胁。近视的发病机制尚未完全明确,但医学界普遍认为其与眼轴延长、屈光介质折射率增加及遗传因素密切相关。为了深入研究近视的发病机制,实验性近视动物模型的建立成为科研工作者的重要研究方向。在构建实验性近视动物模型时,实验动物的选择至关重要。目前,常用的实验动物包括小鸡、树鼩、猴、小鼠和豚鼠等。这些动物各有优缺点,豚鼠因出生时伴有远视、瞳孔较大、体型适中、性格温顺等特点,成为研究近视的理想动物模型。在造模方法上,形觉剥夺性近视模型是常用的模型之一。该方法通过人为干预实验动物的视觉环境,使视网膜长期处于模糊的物象刺激下,从而诱导近视的发生。常用的造模方法包括眼睑缝合法和遮盖法,遮盖法因操作简便、无创面、不影响角膜曲率而更受科研工作者青睐。形觉剥夺性近视模型的原理在于使视网膜无法接收到清晰的图像,导致眼轴增长,进而发生近视。通过构建该模型,科研工作者可以深入研究近视的发病机制,为近视的预防和治疗提供科学依据。同时,该模型也为基因编辑等先进技术的应用提供了重要平台,有助于揭示近视发病的遗传基础。总之,实验性近视动物模型的建立对于深入研究近视的发病机制具有重要意义。通过合理选择实验动物和造模方法,可以建立更加稳定、可靠的近视模型,为近视的研究和防控提供有力支持。
Myopia is a global public health problem,and its incidence is increasing year by year,which poses a serious threat to human visual health.At present,the pathogenesis of myopia is not completely clear,but it is generally believed that it is closely related to the elongation of the eye axis,the increase of refractive index of the refractive medium,and genetic factors.In order to further study the pathogenesis of myopia,the establishment of experimental myopia animal model has become an important research direction for researchers.The selection of experimental animals is very important during the construction of experimental myopia animal model.Currently,commonly used experimental animals include chicks,tree shrews,monkeys,mice and guinea pigs.Each of these animals has its own advantages and disadvantages.In contrast,guinea pig is an ideal animal model for studying myopia because of its long-sightedness at birth,large pupil,moderate body size and docile personality.In terms of modeling methods,form deprivation myopia(FDM)model is one of the commonly used models.This method induces myopia by human intervention in the visual environment of experimental animals,so that their retinas are stimulated by fuzzy objects for a long time.Commonly used molding methods include eyelid suture method and covering method.The covering method is more favored by scientific researchers because it is easy to operate,has non wound,and does not affect the curvature of the cornea.The principle of the FDM model is to make the retina unable to receive clear images,resulting in the growth of the eye axis,and then myopia occurs.By constructing this model,scientific researchers can further study the pathogenesis of myopia to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of myopia.At the same time,the model also provides an important platform for the application of advanced technologies such as gene editing,which helps to reveal the genetic basis of myopia.In conclusion,the establishment of experimental myopia animal model is of great significance to further study the pathogenesis of myopia.Through reasonable selection of experimental animals and modeling methods,a more stable and reliable myopia model can be established,providing strong support for the research and prevention of myopia.
出处
《中医临床研究》
2024年第26期137-142,共6页
Clinical Journal Of Chinese Medicine
基金
甘肃省自然科学基金(22JR11RA130)。
关键词
近视
实验动物
豚鼠
巩膜重塑
Myopia
Experimental animal
Guinea pig
Scleral remodeling
