摘要
为探讨绿肥与化肥减量配施对葡萄园土壤肥力、果实品质及产量的影响,在福建省寿宁县连续2年开展田间试验。以7年生‘巨峰’葡萄为试验对象,设置4个施肥处理,以当地传统只施用化肥为对照处理(CK),在种植豆科绿肥光叶苕子的基础上,化学氮、磷肥按照10%(T1处理)、20%(T2处理)和30%(T3处理)比例减施。研究结果表明,相较于CK,葡萄园连续2年种植光叶苕子,葡萄园土壤有机质含量显著增加了26.09%~34.93%;土壤氮、磷、钾积累量则随化肥减量比例增加而降低,土壤全氮含量显著降低了19.2%~32.8%,土壤碱解氮含量显著降低了5.2%~14.8%,土壤有效磷含量显著降低了4.4%~36.3%,土壤速效钾含量显著降低了5.4%~6.0%;不同处理对葡萄可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量、固酸比、pH值和维生素C含量等的影响差异不显著;相较而言,T2处理(光叶苕子种子45 kg·hm^(-2)+尿素240 kg·hm^(-2)+钙镁磷肥600 kg·hm^(-2)+硫酸钾300 kg·hm^(-2)+复合肥960 kg·hm^(-2))对葡萄品质的改善效果更佳,其葡萄产量为27.75 t·hm^(-2),较CK显著增产14.4%。此外,绿肥处理与CK比较结果表明,连续2年种植绿肥处理的葡萄可滴定酸含量显著降低了8.0%,固酸比显著增加了11.1%;穗重显著提高了15.2%。综上,在福建葡萄园种植45 kg·hm^(-2)光叶苕子,可替代20%~30%化学氮、磷肥的施用量,能改善部分葡萄品质,促进葡萄增产,同时还能降低因过量施用化肥带来的农业面源污染。研究结果可为葡萄园绿肥种植的推广以及化肥的减施提供理论依据和技术参考。
In order to investigate the effects of the combined application of green fertilizer and reduced chemical fertilizers on soil fertility,grape quality,and yield in‘kyoho’vineyards,field trials were conducted in Shouning County,Fujian province over two consecutive years.The field experiments were conducted with 7-year-old‘kyoho’grapevines,and four fertilization treatments were established.These included a traditional single fertilizer treatment as the control(CK)and three treatments where the application of chemical nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers was reduced by 10%(T1),20%(T2)and 30%(T3),respectively,while planting leguminous green manure(smooth vetch).The results showed that compared with CK,planting common vetch in vineyards for two consecutive years significantly increased soil organic matter content by 26.09%-34.93%,significantly decreased soil total nitrogen content by 19.2%-32.8%,significantly decreased soil available nitrogen content by 5.2%-14.8%,significantly decreased soil available phosphorus content by 4.4%-36.3%,and significantly decreased soil available potassium content by 5.4%-6.0%.The effects of different treatments on the quality of grape soluble solids,titratable acid content,solid-acid ratio,pH value,and vitamin C content were not significantly different.In comparison,the T2 treatment(smooth vetch seed 45 kg·hm^(-2)+urea 240 kg·hm^(-2)+calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 600 kg·hm^(-2)+potassium sulfate 300 kg·hm^(-2)+compound fertilizer 960 kg·hm^(-2))had a better effect on improving grape quality,and its grape yield was 27.75 t·hm^(-2),with a significant increase of 14.4%comparing with CK.Additionally,when the green manure treatment was compared with CK after combining it,it was found that the titratable acid content decreased significantly by 8.0%,and the solid-acid ratio increased significantly by 11.1%.The weight of grape clusters increased significantly by 15.2%.In summary,planting smooth vetch in vineyards at a rate of 45 kg·hm^(-2) could replace the application of 20%-30%chemical fertilizers,improve soil fertility,enhance grape quality,and increase yield while reducing agricultural non-point source pollution.The results of this study could provide valuable information for the promotion of green manure planting in vineyards and the reduction of chemical fertilizer application.
作者
范晓晖
刘文婷
谢星
陈慕松
林旭
吴寿华
FAN Xiao-hui;LIU Wen-ting;XIE Xing;CHEN Mu-song;LIN Xu;WU Shou-hua(Ningde Agriculture Institute of Fujian,Fu’an Fujian 355017;Ningde Poverty Alleviation and Development Service Center,Ningde Fujian 352100)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第9期118-124,共7页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
福建省科技厅项目(2019N0072)
福建省葡萄种质资源圃提升与建设项目。
关键词
绿肥
化肥
葡萄
土壤肥力
品质
产量
green manure
fertilizer
grape
soil fertility
quality
yield
