摘要
植保机械是农业综合生产力的重要组成部分,先进的植保装备有利于提高农药利用率、提升粮食品质,保障农业可持续发展。从世界范围来看,美国、西欧、日本的施药装备在国际上处于领先水平,相关产品自动化和智能化程度高,作业效率和效果普遍优于国产水平,他们占据了绝大多数的市场份额,我国仅在植保无人机上具有一定的技术优势。为了准确把握植保机械的研究现状和未来发展方向,本研究整理了国内外地面、航空、田间管理机器人等典型植保装备的发展历程,根据大田和果园病虫害防治需求和特点,将植保机械细分为施药、部件及智能化3个技术分支。对变量施药、对靶施药、静电喷雾、风幕风送等施药技术方法进行了总结,对底盘、喷杆平衡、机器人驱动等装备技术原理进行了分析,对无人驾驶、对行行走、视觉导航等智能化技术应用进行了阐述,还从远程管理的角度阐述包括作业规划、调度决策、作业评价以及数字化平台的智能化构建。通过国内外装备技术水平的对比,认为未来植保机械技术发展的重点在于低量精准的施药方式、系列化专业化的装备部件以及无人化和智能化的作业模式。随着人工智能技术的不断发展,具有智能感知、分析决策和自主作业的智能化植保装备将成为未来主流的发展方向。
Crop protection machinery plays a crucial role in modern agricultural production.Advanced plant protection machinery is conducive to optimizing pesticide utilization,improving food quality,and supporting sustainable agricultural practices.Globally,pesticide application products from the United States,Western Europe,and Japan are at the leading level internationally.The relevant products have a high degree of automation and intelligence,and the operation efficiency and effect are generally better than the domestic level.They occupy the vast majority of the market share.By comparison,China demonstrates technical advantages primarily in crop protection drones.To accurately capture the current research status and future directions of crop protection machinery,this article reviews the development history of prominent crop protection equipment,including ground,aerial,and field management robots,both at home and abroad.According to the needs and characteristics of field and orchard pest control,plant protection machinery is subdivided into three technical branches:pesticide application,components,and intelligence.The application technology methods such as variable pesticide application,target pesticide application,electrostatic spray,and wind curtain air delivery are summarized,the technical principles of equipment such as chassis,spray boom balance,and robot drive are analyzed,and the application of intelligent technologies such as drone driving,line walking,and visual navigation are explained.From the perspective of remote management,it also explains the intelligent construction of operation planning,scheduling decision-making,operation evaluation,and digital platform.Comparison of domestic and international technology levels suggests that the future development of plant protection machinery should focus on low-volume,precise pesticide application methods,specialized equipment components,and autonomous,intelligent operation modes.As artificial intelligence continues to advance,plant protection equipment with capabilities for intelligent perception,analysis,decision-making,and automation is expected to dominate future development.
作者
孙竹
顾伟
崔龙飞
蔡晨
陈晨
周晴晴
丁素明
兰玉彬
薛新宇
SUN Zhu;GU Wei;CUI Longfei;CAI Chen;CHEN Chen;ZHOU Qingqing;DING Suming;LAN Yubin;XUE Xinyu(Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China;College of Electronic Engineering&College of Artificial Intelligence,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Key Laboratory of Aviation Plant Protection,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Anyang 455100,China)
出处
《智能化农业装备学报（中英文）》
2024年第4期1-23,共23页
Journal of Intelligent Agricultural Mechanization
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2000200)
国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2022YFD2000700)。
关键词
植保机械
智能化
精准施药
田间管理机器人
植保无人机
crop protection machinery
intelligent
precise-spraying
field management robot
crop protection UAS
