摘要
个体行为分析与诱导是组织管理的重要方面,面向管理需求展开的行为分析及评价方法设计能够为组织、个体发展提供基于数据的有力支撑。本文以行为特征分析为切入点,在评价过程中融入激励与惩罚的管理需求,提出了一种面向不同奖惩需求的情境化评价方法。首先,基于指标数据从综合发展水平和竞争激励程度两个方面对被评价对象的行为特征进行分析,并以此为基础,将被评价对象的评价指标分为优势、比较优势、劣势、比较劣势四种类别;然后,基于常见的“奖励优秀”“惩罚短板”“奖惩并重”奖惩需求界定了三种评价情境,并结合不同情境奖惩规则设计相应的指标权重,以期通过权重在指标层面实现对被评价对象发展行为的诱导管理。最后,将方法应用至辽宁省地级市综合发展水平的情境化评价中,通过排序结果与相应指标排序之间的相关性分析,验证了本文方法的有效性,进一步通过与已有方法的比较分析,总结了本文方法的特征。通过研究发现“惩罚短板”的效果比较明显,建议优先采用此种评价策略;然而,若实践中决策者期望形成良好的评价氛围,可采用“奖惩并重”的策略;一般不建议单独使用“奖励优秀”的策略,以避免导致“畸形”发展的情形。该研究可为奖惩导向下面向行为管理的评价问题提供方法支撑,能够有效提升综合评价的管理服务功能。
Individual behavior analysis and induction is an important aspect of organization management.The behavior analysis and evaluation method oriented to management requirements can provide strong data-based support to the development of individual and organization.In this paper,the management needs of incentive and punishment are integrated into the evaluation process based on the analysis of behavior characteristics,and a contextualized evaluation method for different reward and punishment needs is proposed.Firstly,the behavior characteristics of the alternatives are identified by the combination analysis of the comprehensive development level and competition degree of the indicators.Based on this,all the indicators are divided into four groups:advantage indicators,comparative advantage indicators,disadvantage indicators,and comparative disadvantage indicators.Secondly,three types of evaluation situations are defined based on the common demands of reward and punishment such as“reward excellence”,“punish weakness”and“reward and punishment equal emphasis”.Based on the rules of reward and punishment in different situations,the determination method of indicator weights is discussed to induce the development behavior of the alternatives through weight design.Lastly,the proposed methods are applied to evaluate the comprehensive development of 14 cities in Liaoning province.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the correlation analysis between the ranking results and that of the corresponding indicators.And the characteristics of the proposed method are illustrated by comparing with the existing methods.The results indicate that the effect of“punish weakness”is obvious,so it is suggested that this kind of strategy should be preferred in applications.However,if the decision-makers expect to form a good evaluation atmosphere,they can adopt the strategy of“reward and punishment equal emphasis”in practice.The“reward excellence”strategy alone is generally not recommended to avoid situations that lead to“malformation”development.The research work in this paper can provide theoretical and methodological support for the incentive management of individuals in organizations and systems.The use of reward and punishment strategies can highlight the differences between individuals,so the proposed methods have a good application prospect in differential performance management problems.In addition,this method can lay a foundation for in-depth analysis and management of individual development behavior by classifying and identifying individual advantages and disadvantages.Therefore,the methods also have certain application prospects in individual behavior induction management and development planning.The main contributions of the research reflect on the following three aspects(1)The behavior characteristics of the alternatives are analyzed in the evaluation process,and a contextualized evaluation model oriented to behavior guidance is proposed;(2)The classification and identification of indicators makes the alternatives’judgment of their own advantages and disadvantages more clear;(3)The proposed methods implement rewards and punishments to the indicators level,which makes the effect of reward and punishment more obvious,and the induction of development behavior of the alternatives more direct.
作者
李伟伟
易平涛
王露
Li Weiwei;Yi Pingtao;Wang Lu(School of Business Administration,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110167,China;Northeastern Evaluation Center,Shenyang 110167,China;School of Management,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang 110870,China)
出处
《中国管理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第10期171-180,共10页
Chinese Journal of Management Science
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(72171041,72171040)
国家自然科学基金青年项目(72301062)
辽宁省自然科学基金优秀青年项目(2024JH3/10200008)。
关键词
综合评价
行为特征
管理需求
综合发展水平
竞争激励程度
comprehensive evaluation
behavior characteristics
management demands
comprehensive development level
competitive incentive degree
