摘要
目的探讨血管超声在单侧大脑中动脉(MCA)闭塞行颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉(STA-MCA)血管旁路移植术后的脑血流动力学动态评估中的应用。方法回顾性连续纳入苏州大学附属第一医院神经外科经DSA确诊为单侧MCA闭塞且行STA-MCA血管旁路移植术患者109例。入院24 h内完成患者临床资料收集,包括年龄、性别、体质量指数和卒中高危因素(包括高血压病、高脂血症、糖尿病、吸烟和饮酒史、心房颤动)、临床表现[近6个月内;非特异性症状(头晕、记忆力减退、反应迟钝等)、短暂性脑缺血发作、卒中]、血生化指标(低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、空腹血糖、超敏C反应蛋白)、入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分。运用彩色多普勒超声(CDU)和经颅彩色多普勒超声(TCCD)在患者术前及术后不同时间段(术后4~7 d及术后1、3、6、12个月)评估STA的血流动力学参数,分析桥血管的血流通畅性以及颅内血流动力学改变,并对术后12个月CDU和DSA检查桥血管通畅情况的结果行一致性检验。根据术后12个月DSA检查结果将患者分为桥血管通畅组和非通畅组(狭窄或闭塞),比较两组各时间段STA主干即桥血管颅外段、入颅段和颅内段内径(D)及血流动力学参数包括收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张期末流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)、时间平均流速(TAMV)和时间峰值流速(TAPV)并计算STA主干时间平均流量(TAMV flow)、时间平均峰值流量(TAPV flow)。于术前1~3 d及术后12、18个月分别行头部CT、主动脉弓上CT血管成像及全脑CT灌注(CTP)检查以观察患者脑灌注改变情况,术后1~2 d行头部CT观察术区有无新发出血及缺血灶。分别比较桥血管通畅组和非通畅组术后12、18个月与术前1~3 d的CTP参数,以及两组之间CTP参数的差异。术后12、18个月门诊复诊时,采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评估患者神经功能预后情况,其中mRS评分≤2分为预后良好,mRS评分≥3分为预后不良。记录患者术后7 d及12、18个月NIHSS评分。结果(1)CDU和DSA一致性分析:术后12个月,两者评估桥血管通畅的一致性极佳,Kappa值为0.94(95%CI:0.81~1.00,P<0.01);DSA诊断桥血管通畅组101例(92.7%),狭窄组为8例(7.3%;未发现桥血管闭塞),桥血管出现狭窄的部位均位于入颅段。(2)血流动力学参数:与术前比较,术后4~7 d及术后1、3、6、12个月桥血管通畅组颅外段的D增粗(Waldχ^(2)=30.438),血流动力学参数包括血流速度(PSV、EDV、TAMV和TAPV;Waldχ^(2)值分别为12.117、29.310、31.075和17.525)、血流量(TAMV flow和TAPV flow;Waldχ^(2)值分别为54.503、34.986)均增加,而RI、PI均降低(Waldχ^(2)值分别为112.568、103.629),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);但狭窄组术后12个月D及血流动力学参数与术前比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与术后4~7 d相比较,术后12个月狭窄组入颅段PSV[252.0(206.8,315.3)cm/s比102.5(84.0,119.0)cm/s]、EDV[119.5(106.3,159.8)cm/s比43.5(36.8,52.0)cm/s]均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),但RI和PI差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与术后4~7 d相比较,术后12个月狭窄组STA颅内段血流参数包括PSV[29.4(24.8,41.4)cm/s比111.5(63.3,120.0)cm/s]、EDV[19.7(15.2,22.2)cm/s比58.5(28.3,70.0)cm/s]和PI[0.55(0.42,0.63)比0.83(0.61,0.90)]均明显降低(均P<0.05)。(3)CTP参数:术后1~2 d头部CT显示,手术区未见新发出血及缺血灶。与术前相比,术后12、18个月桥血管通畅组的CTP参数相对脑血流量(rCBF)均升高,而相对脑血容量(rCBV)、相对达峰时间(rTTP)和相对平均通过时间(rMTT)均下降,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);而与术前相比,术后12、18个月桥血管狭窄组rCBF均升高,rMTT均降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),但rCBV、rTTP与术前相比差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。术后12、18个月通畅组rTTP低于狭窄组[术后12个月:1.14(1.06,1.15)比1.20(1.14,1.28),P=0.024;术后18个月:1.14(1.06,1.15)比1.20(1.14,1.28),P=0.023],但术后其他CTP参数组间比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。(4)NIHSS评分及预后:术后18个月临床随访结果显示,随访期间患者均无新发卒中。桥血管通畅组和狭窄组术后7 d及12、18个月的NIHSS评分与入院时比较均降低[通畅组:2(0,4)、1(0,2)、0(0,2)分比3(0,6)分;狭窄组:3(1,5)、3(1,6)、2(1,6)分比4(1,7)分],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);但术后12、18个月桥血管通畅组NIHSS评分明显低于狭窄组,且通畅组预后良好的患者比例高于狭窄组[术后12个月:87.1%(88/101)比4/8,P=0.039;术后18个月:90.1%(91/101)比4/8,P=0.025]。结论血管超声能够量化评估STA-MCA血管旁路移植术后桥血管的血流动力学改变,可应用于血管旁路移植术后长期的动态随访。
Objective To explore the dynamic changes in cerebral hemodynamics in patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery(MCA)occlusion after superficial temporal artery(STA)-MCA bypass surgery.Methods One hundred and nine patients diagnosed with unilateral MCA occlusion by DSA who underwent STA-MCA bypass surgery were retrospectively included in the Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University.Clinical data of patients were collected within 24 hours after admission,including age,sex,body mass index,stroke risk factors including hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes,smoking,drinking history and atrial fibrillation,clinical manifestations(within the last 6 months;nonspecific symptoms[dizziness,memory loss,unresponsiveness,etc.],transient ischemic attack,and stroke),blood biochemical markers(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,triglyceride,total cholesterol,fasting blood glucose,and hypersensitive C-reactive protein),and National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score at admission.Color Doppler ultrasound(CDU)and transcranial color coded Doppler(TCCD)ultrasound were used to evaluate the hemodynamic parameters of STA before and at different periods after surgery(4-7 days and 1,3,6,12 months after surgery)to analyze the patency of bypass arteries and intracranial hemodynamic changes,and to check the consistency of the results of the bridge artery patency at 12 months postoperatively by CDU and DSA,consistency test was performed.According to the results of the DSA examination 12 months after surgery,the patients were divided into the bypass artery patency group and the non-patency group(stenosis or occlusion).The hemodynamic parameters at the trunk of STA,namely the extracranial segment,transcranial,and intracranial part of the bypass arteries,were compared between the two groups.It included inner diameter(D),peak systolic velocity(PSV),end-diastolic velocity(EDV),resistance index(RI),pulsation index(PI),time-averaged mean velocity(TAMV),time-averaged peak velocity(TAPV),and calculated flow of the STA trunk including TAMV flow and TAPV flow.Head CT,CT angiography(CTA)above the aortic arch,and CT perfusion(CTP)of the whole brain were performed 1 to 3 days before surgery and 12 and 18 months after surgery to observe the changes in cerebral perfusion.Head CT was performed 1 to 2 days after the operation to observe whether there were new hemorrhagic and ischemic lesions in the operative area.the CTP parameters of the two groups were compared including 12 and 18 months after the operation with 1 to 3 days before the surgery,and the differences in CTP parameters between the two groups were compared.The modified Rankin scale(mRS)was used to evaluate the neurological function prognosis of the patients at 12 and 18 months after surgery.The mRS score≤2 was divided into a good prognosis and mRS score≥3 was a poor prognosis.NIHSS score of the patients was recorded 7 days,12,and 18 months after surgery.Results(1)Consistency analysis of CDU and DSA:the consistency of the assessment of bypass artery patency was excellent at 12 months after surgery,and the Kappa value was 0.94(95%CI 0.81-1.00,P<0.01).According to DSA,101 cases(92.7%)were in bypass artery patency group,while 8 cases(7.3%)in the non-patency group(no case of occluded bridge vessel was found),and the sites of stenosis in the bypass arteries were all located in the transcranial segment.(2)Hemodynamic parameters:compared with the preoperative results,the D of the extracranial segment increased on 4-7 days and 1,3,6,and 12 months after the operation(Waldχ^(2)=30.438).Hemodynamic parameters included increased blood velocity such as PSV,EDV,TAMV,and TAPV(Waldχ^(2) was 12.117,29.310,31.075 and 17.525,respectively)and blood flow including TAMV flow and TAPV flow(Waldχ^(2) was 54.503 and 34.986,respectively)increased,while RI and PI values were decreased(Waldχ^(2) was 112.568 and 103.629,respectively),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in hemodynamic parameters in the non-patency group at 12 months after operation(all P>0.05).Compared with 4-7 days after surgery,PSV(252.0[206.8,315.3]cm/s vs.102.5[84.0,119.0]cm/s)and EDV(119.5[106.3,159.8]cm/s vs.43.5[36.8,52.0]cm/s)in the non-patency group were significantly higher at the cranial entrance 12 months after surgery(both P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in RI and PI values(both P>0.05).Compared with 4-7 days after surgery,the blood flow parameters of STA intracranial segment,including PSV(29.4[24.8,41.4]cm/s vs.111.5[63.3,120.0]cm/s),EDV(19.7[15.2,22.2]cm/s vs.58.5[28.3,70.0]cm/s)and PI(0.55[0.42,0.63]vs.0.83[0.61,0.90])values in the non-patency group at 12 months after surgery were significantly decreased(all P<0.05).(3)CTP parameters:the relative cerebral blood flow(rCBF)of the patency group increased at 12 and 18 months after surgery compared to preoperative levels,while relative cerebral blood volume(rCBV),relative peak time(rTTP)and relative mean transit time(rMTT)decreased,with statistical significance(all P<0.05).At 12 and 18 months after operation,rCBF increased,while rMTT decreased in the non-patency group(both P<0.05),but there was no significant difference as for rCBV and rTTP.The rTTP of the patency group at 12 and 18 months was lower than that of the non-patency group(12 months after surgery:1.14[1.06,1.15]vs.1.20[1.14,1.28],P=0.024;18 months after surgery:1.14[1.06,1.15]vs.1.20[1.14,1.28],P=0.023),but there was no statistical significance for other parameters between the two groups(all P>0.05).(4)NIHSS score and prognosis:clinical follow-up results 18 months after the operation showed that no new stroke occurred during the follow-up period.The NIHSS scores in the patency group and the non-patency group were remarkably lower at 7 days,12,and 18 months after surgery than at admission(patency group:2[0,4],1[0,2],0[0,2]vs.3[0,6],respectively;the non-patency group:3[1,5],3[1,6],2[1,6]vs.4[1,7],respectively),with significant differences(all P<0.05);However,the NIHSS scores in the patency group were significantly lower than that in the non-patency group at 12 and 18 months after surgery,and the proportion of patients with good prognosis in the patency group was substantially higher than that in the non-patency group(12 months:87.1%[88/101]vs.4/8,P=0.039;18 months:90.1%[91/101]vs.4/8,P=0.025).Conclusion CDU can quantitatively evaluate the hemodynamic changes of bypass arteries after the STA-MCA bypass procedure,which can be applied to the long-term dynamic follow-up after the surgery.
作者
颜燕红
惠品晶
陆紫微
张白
丁亚芳
黄亚波
周鹏
胡春洪
Yan Yanhong;Hui Pinjing;Lu Ziwei;Zhang Bai;Ding Yafang;Huang Yabo;Zhou Peng;Hu Chunhong(Cervical and Cerebrovascular Ultrasound,Department of Neurosurgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,Suzhou 215006,China;不详)
出处
《中国脑血管病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第11期730-743,共14页
Chinese Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases
基金
苏州大学技术开发合作项目(H211064)。
