摘要
广东作为全国甘蔗种植面积与产量前三省份,一直保持甘蔗种植技术水平国内领先的位置,是全国主要的糖料作物生产省份之一。为了更好地稳定广东糖料,以及燃料、医疗与工业乙醇供应,本文以广东甘蔗产业宏观趋势、微观实证监测数据为研究基础,分析了2023年广东甘蔗产业发展的总体生产形势、区域经营组织生产形势、甘蔗产品市场形势、甘蔗技术应用状况等。总体而言,2023年,广东甘蔗年单产88 t/hm^(2),比广西单产高约4 t/hm^(2),比云南单产高约17 t/hm^(2)。近年,广东甘蔗产业面临市场需求波动、规模种植面积持续下滑、区域农户收益不均、技术水平参差不齐等问题。2023年,广东甘蔗良种率提升,与近3年相比,全省春播甘蔗单产增加、总产量基本持稳,甘蔗制糖产量120万t以上,甘蔗制乙醇产量40万~60万t,果蔗年产185万t左右,影响广东甘蔗主产区的甘蔗种植经营组织效率因素主要为种植规模效率面积,其次为甘蔗种植技术应用率。展望至2025年,广东甘蔗产业的增效提质发展,须进一步加强新品种抗逆性研究、改善甘蔗产区基础设施状况、促进一二产互联以及强化糖料作物与生物质能源作物的供应储备。
Guangdong,as one of the top three provinces in terms of sugarcane planting area and output in the country has always maintained a leading position in domestic sugarcane planting technology,and is one of the main sugar crops producing provinces in China.In order to better stabilize sugar crops,as well as its fuel,medical,and industrial ethanol supply,this study is based on the macro trends and micro empirical monitoring data of Guangdong's sugarcane industry,and analyzes the overall production situation,regional management organization production situation,sugarcane product market situation,and sugarcane technology status of Guangdong's sugarcane industry in 2023.Overall,in 2023,the annual sugarcane yield of Guangdong was 88 t/hm2,about 4 t/hm2 higher than Guangxi,and about 17 t/hm2 higher than Yunnan.In recent years,Guangdong's sugarcane industry has faced fluctuations in market demand,continuous decline in large-scale planting areas,income for farmers in the region,and uneven technical levels.In 2023,the rate of high-quality sugarcane in Guangdong increased,to the past three years,the province's spring-planted sugarcane yield increased,the total output remained basically stable,the sugarcane sugar output exceeded 1.2 million tons,the sugarcane ethanol output was between 0.4 million and 0.6 million tons and the annual output of sugarcane for fruit was about 1.85 million tons.The main factors affecting the efficiency of sugarcane planting management in Guangdong's main sugarcane producing areas are the efficiency of planting scale area,followed by the application rate of sugarcane planting technology.Looking ahead to 2025,to enhance the quality and efficiency development of Guangdong's sugarcane industry,it is necessary to further strengthen research on the of new varieties,improve the infrastructure conditions of sugarcane producing areas,promote the interconnection of the first and second industries,and strengthen the supply and of sugar crops and biomass energy crops.
作者
李丹霞
尹卿
方伟
LI Danxia;YIN Qing;FANG Wei(Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/South China Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Industry Economics and Circulation,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China)
出处
《甘蔗糖业》
2024年第5期66-74,共9页
Sugarcane and Canesugar
基金
广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设专项资金(2022KJ109)
广东省农业科学院“十四五”新兴学科团队项目“产业经济与都市农业团队”(202124TD)。
关键词
甘蔗产业
糖料作物
生产形势
经营组织效率
市场形势
技术应用
Sugarcane industry
Sugar crops
Production situation
Organizational efficiency
Market situation
Technology application
