摘要
【目的】探究水稻−红螯螯虾共作模式对稻田氨(NH_(3))挥发损失和水稻氮素累积的影响,为稻田投入品优化管理和资源高效利用提供理论依据。【方法】开展田间试验,设置3个处理:空白对照(CK,水稻单作,不施肥,不投虾),常规水稻种植(RM)和水稻−红螯螯虾共作(RN)。其中,RN处理监测区域包括水稻种植区域和环沟区域。测定不同稻作生态系统的土壤NH_(3)挥发变化趋势和水稻氮素利用效率。【结果】RN模式环沟区域相较水稻种植区域和RM模式,能有效降低稻田NH_(3)挥发通量。RN模式在更高的氮输入条件下并未显著增加稻田NH_(3)挥发损失量,且损失量存在降低趋势;稻田NH_(3)挥发通量与田面水铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)−N)及总氮(TN)浓度显著正相关(P<0.01);RN模式通过更高的氮输入提高了土壤氮含量,小龙虾活动改善了土壤通气,促进水稻根系的氮素吸收,进而显著增加水稻成熟期的全株氮素累积量(10.2%,P<0.05)。【结论】相较RM系统,RN系统具有更高的氮消纳潜力,一定程度上抑制了土壤NH_(3)挥发,增加了水稻对氮素的吸收和积累,能够实现更高的氮素利用效率。
【Objective】To explore the impact of the rice-red claw crayfish(Cherax quadricarinatus)farming model on ammonia(NH_(3))volatilization loss in paddy field and nitrogen accumulation in rice plants,and provide a theoretical basis for optimizing input management in paddy field and efficient utilization of resources.【Method】Field experiments were conducted with three treatments including blank control(CK,rice monoculture without fertilizer application and crayfish introduction),conventional rice monoculture(RM),and rice-red claw crayfish farming(RN).The monitoring areas of RN treatment included the rice planting area and ditch area.The variation trend of soil NH_(3) volatilization and nitrogen use efficiency of rice in different rice ecosystems were determinated.【Result】The ditch area in the RN mode could effectively reduce the NH_(3) volatilization flux compared to the rice planting area and the RM mode.Under higher nitrogen input conditions,the RN mode did not significantly increase the loss of NH_(3) volatilization in paddy field,and the loss value showed a decreasing trend.The NH_(3) volatilization flux in paddy field was significantly positively correlated with the surface water ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)and total nitrogen(TN)concentrations(P<0.01).The RN mode increased soil nitrogen content through higher nitrogen input,and the crayfish activity improved soil aeration to promote nitrogen absorption by rice roots,thereby significantly increased nitrogen accumulation(10.2%)in rice total plants at maturity(P<0.05).【Conclusion】Compared to the RM system,the RN system has a higher nitrogen assimilation potential,which can potentially inhibit soil NH_(3) volatilization,increase nitrogen absorption and accumulation of rice,and achieve higher nitrogen use efficiency.
作者
肖智玉
杜林森
李奎
王华
XIAO Zhiyu;DU Linsen;LI Kui;WANG Hua(College of Environment and Ecology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)
出处
《华南农业大学学报》
CAS
2024年第6期908-917,共10页
Journal of South China Agricultural University
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2300305)
湖南省重点研发计划(2021NK2059)
湖南省水产产业技术体系项目(HARS-07)
国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金(U21A20184)。
关键词
稻虾综合种养
水稻
红螯螯虾
氨挥发
氮素积累
Rice-crayfish integrated farming
Oryza sativa
Cherax quadricarinatus
Ammonia volatilization
Nitrogen accumulation
