摘要
在推进农业现代化的进程中,耕地景观细碎化严重阻碍了农业规模化发展。科学揭示中国耕地景观细碎化时空格局,对精细化耕地保护政策制定、耕地资源高效集约规模利用以及农业农村现代化具有重要的理论和现实意义。该研究基于土地利用遥感数据,采用主成分分析法测度了中国县域耕地景观细碎化水平,然后结合核密度估计揭示其时空演变特征,最后借助地理加权回归模型分析其影响因素的空间异质性特征。结果表明:1)1980、1990、2000、2010、2020年,全国县域耕地景观细碎化指数平均值分别为5.544、5.546、5.567、5.619和5.669。东北平原、华北平原、长江中下游平原以及四川盆地的耕地景观细碎化指数较低,黄土高原、东南丘陵、云贵高原东部、秦岭以及大巴山脉的耕地景观细碎化指数较高。2)全国县域耕地景观细碎化指数整体上不断增大,细碎化指数的区域间差距逐渐缩小。除青藏高原、北方干旱半干旱区和东北平原区外,其他区域耕地景观细碎化整体呈加剧趋势。3)1980—2020年,耕地面积减少同时耕地景观细碎化指数增大的县域单元占比最高。4)耕地景观细碎化指数影响因素空间异质性特征显著。未来中国耕地利用需注重格局优化,耕地景观细碎化治理需秉持因地制宜的原则,充分借鉴各地治理模式,做到多元参与、统筹协调、辩证治理。
In the process of promoting agricultural modernization,the fragmentation of cultivated landscape has seriously hindered the development of large-scale agriculture.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to scientifically reveal the spatio-temporal patterns of cultivated landscape fragmentation in China for the formulation of refined cultivated land protection policies,the efficient intensive scale use of cultivated land resources,and the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.Based on land use remote sensing data,this study calculated the patch density,edge density,landscape shape index,area-weighted mean patch area,mean patch fractal dimension index,landscape division index,splitting index,and agglomeration index of cultivated land at county-level in 1980,1990,2000,2010,and 2020.The cultivated landscape pattern indices of each county were weighted and summarized to obtain the cultivated landscape fragmentation index(CFI)using principal component analysis.Kernel density analysis was then conducted to characterize the changes in the CFI across China and within each agricultural region in China.Finally,its influencing factors were analyzed with the help of geographically weighted regression model.The results of the study were showed as follows.(1)From 1980 to 2020,the average values of the CFI in China were 5.544,5.546,5.567,5.619,and 5.669,respectively.The CFI was lower in the Northeast Plain,the North China Plain,the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,and the Sichuan Basin,while it was higher in the Loess Plateau,the Southeast Hills,the East of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,the Qinling Mountains,and the Daba Mountains.The CFI in the Loess Plateau,the Southeast Hills,the eastern part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,the Qinling Mountains,and the Daba Mountains was higher.During the study period,80.47%of the county units had an increase in the CFI.(2)The CFI in counties nationwide has been increasing as a whole,and the gap between regions in the CFI has been gradually narrowing.Except for the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau,Northern arid and semiarid regions and the Northeast China Plain,the overall trend of CFI in other regions increased from 1980 to 2020.(3)From 1980 to 2020,the county units with the decrease of cultivated land area and increased CFI accounted for the highest proportion.Most of the county units with a decrease in cultivated land were distributed south of the Hu Huanyong line,and most of the counties with an increase in cultivated land area were distributed between the first and second terraces.(4)The average elevation,distance from prefectural-level cities,and annual precipitation overall had positive effects on CFI.The effects of the percentage of construction land,population density,and GDP on CFI showed evident spatial heterogeneity,and along with socio-economic development,these factors played different roles in influencing the CFI at the different stages.In the future,China's cultivated land needs to focus on optimizing patterns.The management of cultivated landscape fragmentation needs to be based on the principle of adapting to local conditions,drawing on the management models of different regions,and achieving diversified participation,co-ordination and dialectical management.
作者
陈万旭
段斌俏
曾杰
CHEN Wanxu;DUAN Binqiao;ZENG Jie(School of Geography and Information Engineering,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430078,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430078,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第21期221-231,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42371258)。
关键词
耕地景观细碎化
空间分异性
形成机理
地理加权回归
中国
cultivated landscape fragmentation
spatial differentiation
formation mechanism
GWR
China
