摘要
随着人类对环境资源开发利用活动日益增加,特别是进入本世纪以来,工农业生产大规模地迅速发展,工业化带来了"城市化"现象,使得大量含有氮、磷营养物质的生活污水排入附近的湖泊、水库和河流,增加了这些水体的营养物质的负荷量。为了提高农作物产量,施用的化肥和牲畜粪便逐年增加,经雨水冲刷和渗透,进入水体的营养物质不断增多。以上这些人为因素的影响,极大地减少了水体由贫营养向富营养过渡所需要的时间。国内外的现状调查结果表明,在全球范围内30%～40%的湖泊和水库遭受不同程度富营养化影响,我国近年来湖泊富营养化呈发展趋势,从20世纪80年代后期的41%上升到90年代后期的77%,水库富营养化问题也较严重,处于富营养状态的水库个数和库容分别占所调查水库的30.8%和11.2%。总体而言,水体发生富营养化的程度和范围呈发展趋势,城市湖泊及邻近城镇的水库水体富营养化程度较高,湖泊和水库等相对静止的水体发生富营养化现象重于河流,但河流富营养化问题也不容轻视。富营养化已成为世界范围内水环境保护中的重大环境问题。
With human's increasing development and use of environmental resources, industrial and agricultural production have rapidly expanded and developed, especially since entering new century. Industrialization results in urbanization, which a large amount of domestic sewage containing nitrogen and phosphorus are discharged into nearby lake, reservoir and river, and increase nutrient load of water bodies. For improvement of agricultural production, more and more chemical fertilizer and livestock night soil are used year after year, and thus nutrient in water increases gradually by rain scouring and penetration. Human activities that cause excess nutrients to enter water body speed up the eutrophication process. Investigation shows that about 30%～40% of the worldwide reservoirs and lakes have been eutrophied to a different extent, and lake eutrophication trends to aggravate in recent years in China, from 41% eutrophied lakes in the later 1980s to 77% in 1990s. Reservoir eutrophication is also serious, i.e. number and storage of eutrophied reservoir account for 30.8% and 11.2% of the total. In general, the extent and scope of water body trend to aggravate. Extent of eutrophication in urban lakes and reservoirs nearby city are higher than that in other region. Eutrophication in the relative still water bodies, such as lake and reservoir, is more serious than those in other regions Eutrophication in the relative stagnant water bodies, such as lakes and reservoirs, is more serious than that in rivers, but river eutrophication shouldn't neglect. Eutrophication has become one of important environment issues in world water environment protection.
出处
《长江流域资源与环境》
CAS
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第6期575-578,共4页
Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin
关键词
富营养化
湖泊
水库
河流
eutrophication
lake
reservoir
river
