摘要
传统国家安全情报体制存在松散、远离决策以及重视国内安全保卫但忽视对外情报工作等问题。第二次世界大战后,主要大国对国家安全情报体制进行了改革,融合对外情报工作和反情报工作,打造一体化的国家安全情报工作机制,是主要大国情报体制改革的方向。主要大国国家安全情报体制改革实践对我国的启示主要如下:重新定义国家安全情报工作的地位与作用,树立"情报先导"的战略意识;落实总体国家安全观的要求,建立专职国家安全情报机构;强化情报管理体制的顶层设计,加强情报界管理;建立集中型的技术搜集机构,提升技术侦察能力;建立适度归口的战略情报分析机构,实现全源情报分析;加强国家情报体制的立法和制度建设,规范国家安全情报机构行为;加强国家安全情报教育,强化国家安全意识;塑造积极的国家安全情报文化,厚植国家安全情报根基。
The traditional national security intelligence system is structurally loose,far from decision-making and focuses on domestic security,ignoring external intelligence.After the Second World War,major powers reformed the national security intelligence systems,integrating external intelligence and counter-intelligence for an integrated national security intelligence mechanism.The main reform path of intelligence systems for major powers offers implications to China.This paper analyzes the historical development of national security intelligence of major nations,summarizes their experience of intelligence,and provides some advice about the reform of national security intelligence system.This paper suggests that we should redefine the status and role of national security intelligence and establish the strategic consciousness of'intelligence-led decision-making',implement a holistic approach to national security and establish specialized national security intelligence agencies,enhance the top-level design of intelligence management mechanism and strengthen the administration of intelligence community,establish a centralized technology reconnaissance agency to improve the capability of technical collection,establish a moderately centralized strategic intelligence analysis agency to have all-source intelligence analyses,strengthen the legislative and institutional construction of national intelligence system and regularize the conducts of national security intelligence agencies,strengthen the education of national security intelligence and enhance the public’s consciousness of national security,build a positive culture of national security intelligence and make a stronger national security intelligence foundation.
出处
《公安学研究》
2019年第2期1-26,123,共27页
Journal of Public Security Science
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目"情报学学科建设与情报工作未来发展路径研究"(17ZDA291)
