摘要
电磁轨道炮发射过程中会产生大量的热,这些热量导致的效应严重影响着轨道炮寿命及发射效率。为了研究枢轨及其接触面温度场的变化规律,给出了一种在电磁–热–温度瞬态耦合场作用下焦尔热及其温升的数值计算方法,并分析了枢轨的焦尔热及其温升的特性。通过三维轨道炮模型下的有限元数值仿真,首先研究了电磁轨道炮在脉冲波形电流下的电磁场特性;然后计算分析了电枢轨道及枢轨接触面的温度变化。结果表明:电枢的最大电流密度及温度出现在电枢头部内侧拐点位置,其相应产生的温度可达2 000℃以上。枢轨接触面上最大电流密度及温度值始终分布在电枢和轨道的外侧边缘,同时枢轨接触面上的焦尔热对接触面的温升影响很小,且远没有达到枢轨材料熔化的熔点。因此,焦耳热主要对枢轨接触面边缘位置的温升起着重要的作用,但并不会使枢轨接触面的大部分材料发生熔化。
A large amount of heat is generated during the electromagnetic railgun launching, and theheat seriously affects the life and launch efficiency of the railgun. In order to study the variation of the temperature field of the armature rails and its contact surfaces, we put forward a method of analyzing joule heating and its temperature under the electromagnetic-heat-temperature transient coupling field. The joule heating and temperature characteristics of the armature and rails were also studied. Through the finite element numerical simulation of the three-dimensional railgun model, the electromagnetic feature of armature and rails under the pulse waveform current was analyzed firstly. Afterwards, the corresponding temperatures of the armature/rail and their interfaces were also studied. The results show that the maximum current density and temperature of the armature appear at the inner inflection point, and its temperature can reach2 000 ℃. The maximum current density and the temperature of the interfaces distribute on the outer edges, and the joule heat has little effect on the temperature rise of the contact surfaces, which is far from reaching of the melting points of the armature and rails. Therefore, Joule heat plays an important role in the temperature rise of the edge position of the armature/rail contact surfaces, but does not melt most of the material on the contact surface.
作者
耿轶青
刘辉
马增帅
袁建生
GENG Yiqing;LIU Hui;MA Zengshuai;YUAN Jiansheng(Beijing Machinery and Equipment Institute,Beijing 100854,China;Department of Electrical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《高电压技术》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第3期799-804,共6页
High Voltage Engineering
关键词
电磁轨道炮
焦尔热
枢轨界面
耦合场
数值仿真
electromagnetic railgun
joule heat
armature/rail contact surfaces
coupling field
numerical simulation
