摘要
从社会现象中提炼出"项目机制-策略-逻辑"的概念框架,运用社会学定性分析方法,对上海浦东新区、深圳的政府相关部门、8个非营利组织及服务对象进行了调查,深入探讨了政府和非营利组织项目运作机制、策略和逻辑。政府购买社会工作服务项目机制是项目外包机制,包括招标发包、委托发包和举办公益创投活动。政府购买社会工作服务项目遵循效率和效益的逻辑。非营利组织的项目机制是项目承包机制,包括项目投标和竞标、承接政府部门的委托项目和参加公益创投活动。非营利组织采用多种项目运作策略,遵循多重项目运作逻辑。政府购买社会工作服务项目存在着风险和挑战,如交易成本增加、服务对象瞄准问题、腐败和寻租现象、机构丧失独立性、目标置换现象等。社会工作服务项目是把服务对象整合进公共制度的桥梁,政府购买社会工作服务项目不仅是政府与非营利组织构建合作伙伴关系的重要途径,它还是一种新型的社会服务双轨制。受限于研究领域和案例数量,文章结论在更大范围内的适用性仍有待进一步检验。
The objective of this paper is to illustrate and examine the different project mechanism,strategies and logic adopted by government and NPOs in the progress of government's outsourcing government-financed social work service projects to NPOs by sociological methods.A qualitative research study,involving some government departments,eight NPOs,and some clients in NPOs in Shanghai Pudong New Area and Shenzhen,China was conducted.The analysis,based on the materials gathered in social survey and literatures of government's outsourcing social work service projects to NPOs,reveals that different project mechanism,strategies and logic of government and NPOs.The project outsourcing mechanism is the government's main project mechanism,which involves project bidding,commissioned project bidding and venture capital investment for public welfare.Pursuing efficiency and benefits is the government's logic for outsourcing projects.Corresponding to the project mechanism of the government,NPOs' project mechanism is the project contracting mechanism,which involves competitive project tendering,accepting commissioned projects and venture capital investment for public welfare.NPOs design many project operation strategies and follow multiple project logics.Some risks and challenges are mentioned,such as increased transaction costs,difficulty to target clients,corruption and rent-seeking,loss of independence of institution,and goal displacement.This paper argues that the social work service project is a bridge to integrate clients into the public system,that government's outsourcing social work service projects to NPOs is not only an important way to construct the partnership between the government and NPOs but also can be considered as a new two-track system in providing social services.The key limitation of the study is that it focuses solely on two cities and eight NPOs,which makes it difficult to generalize the results to other cities and NPOs.This paper abstract the 'project mechanisms-strategy-logic' analytical framework from social practice,illustrate how social work service projects transfer from government to NPOs,and what mechanism,strategies and logic can be adopted in government's outsourcing government-financed social work service projects to NPOs.
出处
《公共管理学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第3期93-105,142,共15页
Journal of Public Management
基金
中国博士后科学基金一等资助项目(2014M550117)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(14YJC840002)
关键词
政府购买社会工作服务项目
项目机制
策略
Government's Outsourcing Government-Financed Social Work Service Projects to NPOs,Project Mechanism,Strategies
