摘要
目的探索解决<8月龄组婴儿和>24岁年龄组成人麻疹发病增多的问题,在国家不改变现有麻疹免疫程序的前提下,有效预防低月龄婴儿麻及育龄妇女疹发病的新路径。方法 2013-2017年,通过健康教育动员枣庄市孕前妇女自愿接种麻疹疫苗,监测所生婴儿麻疹发病率,采用ELISA法对采集的血清标本进行麻疹IgM抗体检测,对结果进行统计学分析。结果 2013-2017年检测血清标本1 247例,麻疹阳性616例,阳性率为49.39%。<8月龄组婴儿和>24岁组成人麻疹IgM阳性率较高,8月龄～和5～14岁组儿童抗体阳性率较低,不同年龄组间IgM抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=22.20,P<0.01)。2013-2017年孕前妇女自愿接种麻疹疫苗的共计1 821人,5年间所生婴儿在<8月龄时患麻疹儿童仅有2例。对照组1 734人,所生婴儿在<8月龄患麻疹的共计17例。两组<8月龄婴儿麻疹患病率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=31.83,P<0.01)。结论采取孕前妇女麻疹疫苗接种的措施,可解决<8月龄组婴儿和>24岁组成人发病增多问题,有效降低麻疹总发病率,有助于尽早实现消除麻疹的目标。
Objective To explore the solutions to the problem of measles incidence increasement among the children less eight months and adults over 24 year old age group and find a new way to prevent the onset of measles among young infants and child-bearing aged women effectively without changing the current measles immunization procedures in China.Methods From 2013 to 2017,the child-bearing women in Zaozhuang were mobilized through health education to voluntarily vaccinate measles and the incidence of measles among the infants was monitored.The method of ELISA was used to test the collected serum samples for measles IgM antibodies,and the results were analyzed statistically.Results One thousand two hundred and forty-seven cases of serum samples were tested and 616 cases of positive measles were found with the positive rate of 49.39% from 2013 to 2017.The positive rates of measles IgM among the less than 8 months old group and more than 24 years old group were relatively high and that among 8 months old and 5-year-old group were low,and the differences among different age groups had statistically significant(χ~2=22.20,P<0.01).There were only two cases of measles among the babies who occured at less than 8 months from 1 821 women vaccinated against measles before pregnancy voluntarily during 2013 and 2017.In the control group,there were 17 cases of measles among 1 734 women.The prevalences of measles between the two groups had the statistically significant difference(χ~2=31.83,P<0.01).Conclusion The measure to vaccinate pre-pregnancy women against measles could solve the problem of increasement of measles morbidity in the less than 8 months group and more than 24 years old group effectively and reduce the overall incidence of measles.It is helpful to achieve the goal of eliminating measles as soon as possible.
作者
孙晋良
SUN Jin-liang(Zaozhuang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zaozhuang,Shandong 277101,China)
出处
《中国公共卫生管理》
2019年第1期121-124,共4页
Chinese Journal of Public Health Management
关键词
低月龄婴儿
孕前妇女
麻疹
预防接种
免疫
效果
low age infant
pre-conception women
measles
vaccination
immunization
effect
