摘要
世界贸易组织(WTO)规则不过是各成员方利益博弈的记录,是一份国际商业合同,因而其与原则性、宣示性国际条约有着根本的不同;尽管它有着相对严格统一的争端解决机制,但其目的仍然是维持利益的平衡,而且这种利益平衡是动态的、不断调整的。WTO规则规定了成员方应赋予经济实体或个人权利的义务,但该义务却是成员方相互之间承担的义务,经济实体或个人只能根据国内法享有权利。国内法律和WTO规则是两个独立、分离的层次。成员方可以根据自身利益的需要,来决定是遵循WTO规则的要求,还是任由其他成员方对自己采取报复措施。究其实质,这是成员方自己的利益取舍问题。中国对其在WTO中承担的义务,应有自己的战略和策略考虑。
The WTO agreements are merely the records of the trade negotiations between members,and to some extent commercial contracts,hence distinguished with other international agreements making general rules.Though more rigorous than that of GATT,the general and multilateral dispute settlement mechanism of the WTO is to maintain the balance of trade benefits between members from time to time.The obligation of members is that to other members,not to individuals or legal entities,breach of which cannot result in compensation by members to individuals or legal entities.Members could choose various means to implement the decisions or recommendations of DSB according to their national interests.In essence,how to perform the WTO obligations is a question of tradeoff,and China should develop its own policy towards its performance of its WTO obligations.
出处
《国际经济法学刊》
2005年第4期26-52,共27页
Journal of International Economic Law
基金
国家社会科学基金项目《WTO争端解决机制研究》(04CFX024)的阶段性研究成果
