摘要
个体接受的学校教育不仅对早期认知能力的发展有塑造作用,对于成年后及老年时期的认知保持具有重要作用。梳理教育水平如何影响认知功能的研究。大部分研究表明,更高的教育水平能够预测个体更好的认知能力,甚至一定程度上能够降低老年时期患上痴呆的风险,同时个体的教育水平还会影响到下一代的终生认知能力发展。探讨教育水平影响认知的神经机制,即高的教育水平能够通过增加大脑储备和认知储备来保持更好的认知能力。另外,除了直接影响认知能力,许多研究也表明教育水平能够与其他健康、环境相关变量产生交互。最后,虽然教育水平能够影响认知能力,但未来需关注更多的年龄群体,同时国内的研究也应考虑样本多样性(比如城乡),进一步探究教育对个体的意义。
Schooling not only builds one’s early cognitive development,but also has significant effect on cognition through adulthood.This paper reviews the research on how educational level affects cognitive function.It has been widely proved that higher educational level can predict better cognitive ability of individuals.It can even reduce the risk of dementia in old age to some extent.Meanwhile,one’s cognitive development across lifespan can also be affected by parental education attainment.In the second section,the underlying neural mechanism of education-cognition relationship was discussed.From accumulated studies,it can be concluded that high education promotes brain and cognitive reserve to maintain cognition.Moreover,besides the direct effect,the relationship between education and cognition can also be moderated by other health-related or environmental factors.At last,although the level of education can affect cognitive ability,more attention should be paid to the different age group in the future.At the same time,domestic research should also consider the diversity of samples(such as urban and rural areas),and further explore the significance of education to individuals.
作者
艾美杉
陈姚静
张占军
Ai Meishan;Chen Yaojing;Zhang Zhanjun
出处
《国家教育行政学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第7期89-95,共7页
Journal of National Academy of Education Administration
基金
科技部国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1315200)
关键词
教育
认知发展
认知功能
储备
Education
Cognitive development
Cognitive function
Reserve
