摘要
从点电荷到带电体,对静电场中引入的几个相关能量,即电势能、电场能、电相互作用能、自能、固有能、互能等做了辨析和探究.电势能是带电体间或带电体与电场间的相互作用能,具有相对性和共有性.在指定电荷相距无限远电势能为零的条件下,解析法给出的电场能本质上就是电势能.自能即固有能和互能分别是对单一带电体的电场能和多带电体间的相互作用能的另一种表述.论文还进一步对点电荷电场能发散问题做了讨论,指出了球形带电体场能公式的适用极限.
The correlative energies involving electric field energy, electric potential energy, intrinsic energy or self-energy and mutual energy in electrostatic field are discussed. The potential energy is a consequence of the interaction between any pair of charged bodies or between a charged body and a field, which is relative and a shared property of the system. The electric field energy derived from the interaction among infinitesimal charges shows that its nature is the potential energy. Self-energy and mutual energy are the alternative descriptions of electric field energy of an isolated charge and potential energy among charges respectively. Also the problem of divergent energy of a point charge is analyzed.
出处
《物理与工程》
2016年第S1期49-52,共4页
Physics and Engineering
基金
教育部高校大学物理课程教学指导委员会教学研究立项课题(DWJZW201404db)
大连理工大学教育教学改革基金(YB2016067)
关键词
电场能
电势能
自能
互能
点电荷自能
electric field energy
electric potential energy
self-energy
mutual energy
point charge
