摘要
物理学是建造数理模型的科学,是追求简明的科学。查阅包括巴耳末本人等文献,都会用一些已知数字推导出经验公式,虽然经验公式是成功的,但推导手法不够简明,且所用数字令人疑惑,有如先知般预见力,能先得知答案再行推导公式,这在逻辑上有倒果为因推论疑虑,实有碍于物理慨念的建立。本文不借助任何既定数字,而是以未知数并运用物理基本概念,于计算不同波长比时,保留物质元素内蕴表征,只要不被约分消掉,其本性自然显露出来,就能推导出经验公式以及推算巴耳末基数,并加以推广;还提出与里德伯公式的等价证明;最后运用量纲分析揭露此一内蕴物理量的真正本质,其等同于由玻尔模型推导出含多项基本物理常数的里德伯常数,非常适合做为正式教学的一个补充。
This is a concise physics approach to obtain a meaningful limit of spectrum,the intrinsic value of a atom,that is one of our postulates.The ratio of one wavelength to the others is a basic method to analysis hydrogen spectrum but make the nature of intrinsic value has disappeared.In order to discover the meaningful results of intrinsic value,our method is let the numerator of the ratio multiply by the intrinsic value and the denominator of the ratio multiply by the same intrinsic value.We can find out the result of ratio is changeless but the intrinsic value divides the ratio into two terms.That is the ratio of the numerator to the intrinsic value make one term and the ratio of the intrinsic value to the denominator make the other term.Therefore,the ratio between the wavelengths of red line and the others can be the product of one term wth intrinsic value by the other term with intrinsic value also.All terms can be calculated to make the ratio of whole-number value.The author discover a mathematical law governing the ratio of all wavelengths to the intrinsic value.That let us to reform Balmer's formula and the intrinsic value is Balmer's fundamental number.The author finally use dimensional analysis to discover the intrinsic number is composed of fundamental physical constants and as same as Bohr model's result.
出处
《物理与工程》
2019年第1期44-52,共9页
Physics and Engineering
关键词
巴耳末基数
巴耳末公式
里德伯常数
里德伯公式
量纲分析
玻尔模型
Balmer's fundamental number
Balmer's formula
Rydberg constant
Rydberg formula
dimensional analysis
Bohr model
