摘要
保护性耕作是以机械化技术、装备及手段作为载体的现代农业新技术。本文分析北方平原旱作区保护性耕作技术研究现状,并提出针对黄淮平原区、东北黑土区、松嫩平原区的保护性耕作解决方案。针对现阶段我国保护性耕作技术存在的问题,从优化机具关键部件、加强基础理论研究、农机与农艺融合等方面提出解决方法。以期通过更好地优化保护性耕作模式、筛选配置新型机械、提高机械作业与农艺要求的吻合度来建立不同旱作区保护性耕作全程农艺化机械作业技术体系,开展节本保墒、阻控耕层土壤退化的全程机械化保护性耕作新技术,确保适宜的保护性耕作技术顺利实施与推广应用。总结北方旱作区在保护性耕作技术推广上面临的问题,展望保护性耕作的发展方向,为我国保护性耕作的研究提供有效建议。
Conservation tillage is a new modern agricultural technology based on mechanized technology,equipment and means.In this paper,the research status of conservation tillage technology in dry farming area of North Plain was analyzed,and the solutions for conservation tillage in Huanghuai Plain,Northeast Black Soil and Songnen Plain were put forward.In view of the existing problems of conservation tillage technology in China at present,the solutions are put forward from the aspects of optimizing key parts of machinery,strengthening basic theoretical research,and integrating agricultural machinery with agronomy.In order to better optimize the conservation tillage mode,select and allocate new machinery,improve the consistency between mechanical operation and agronomic requirements,establish the whole-process agronomic mechanical operation technology system of conservation tillage in different dryland areas,develop new mechanized conservation tillage technology of saving cost and preserving moisture,preventing and controlling soil degradation in the tillage layer,ensuring the suitable conservation tillage technology implemented and promoted successfully.This paper summarizes the problems faced in the popularization of conservation tillage technology in dry farming areas of North China,looks forward to the development direction of conservation tillage,and provides effective suggestions for the research of conservation tillage in China.
作者
位国建
荐世春
方会敏
彭强吉
牛萌萌
Wei Guojian;Jian Shichun;Fang Huimin;Peng Qiangji;Niu Mengmeng(Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences,Ji'nan,250100,China)
出处
《中国农机化学报》
北大核心
2019年第3期195-200,211,共7页
Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization
基金
"十三五"国家重点研发计划"粮食丰产增效科技创新"重点专项项目(2016YFD0300800)
"十三五"国家重点研发计划"粮食丰产增效科技创新"重点专项项目(2017YFD0301005)
"十三五"国家重点研发计划"粮食丰产增效科技创新"重点专项项目(2018YFD0300600)
关键词
旱作区
保护性耕作
免耕
秸秆覆盖
机械化
农艺
dry farming areas
conservation tillage
no-tillage
straw mulching
mechanization
agronomic
