摘要
农业废弃物的随意排放、化学肥料的过量施用给环境带来严重破坏。在大力提倡有机肥代替化肥的政策背景和实际需求下,成熟实用的有机肥撒施装备亟待研究和开发。为提高有机肥施用设备的作业质量和工作效率,开发三套有机肥施用装备,可针对不同作业条件实现肥料的定量均匀撒施。针对研发的三套装备结构、工作原理及关键工作部件进行详细介绍,并进行田间试验,检验输肥机构、撒施机构、传动机构、行走机构的工作性能,测定撒肥均匀度、工作幅宽、作业效率等工作参数。结果表明:大田多功能撒肥机圆盘撒肥和拨料辊抛肥机构的横向和纵向均匀度变系数分别为20.6%、15.5%和27.4%、10.7%;履带自走式撒肥机的横向和纵向均匀度变异系数分别为19.5%和10.1%;轮式自走式撒肥机的横向和纵向均匀度变异系数分别为22.7%和11.4%;三台撒肥机的最大工作幅宽分别为7.2 m(圆盘撒肥功能为7.2 m,拨料辊抛肥功能为4.3 m)、5.8 m和5.2 m,三台撒肥机的工作效率分别为1.3 hm^2/h(圆盘撒肥功能为1.3 hm^2/h,拨料辊抛肥功能为0.9 hm^2/h)、0.5 hm^2/h和0.8 hm^2/h。该系列化撒肥机的成功研制为我国农业废弃物肥料化利用提供装备和技术支撑。
Arbitrary discharge of agricultural wastes and excessive application of chemical fertilizers have caused serious environment destruction.Due to the policy background of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer and the actual demand of organic fertilizer,it is necessary to design and develop the sophisticated and practical organic fertilizer spraying equipment.In order to improve the quality of operation and work efficiency of the organic fertilizer application equipment,we have developed three sets of organic fertilizer application equipment,which could operate at different operating condition and realize the quantitative and uniform fertilizer spraying.In this paper,the structure,working principle and key working parts of the three sets of the fertilizer spraying equipment have been introduced in detail.The field tests were carried out to examine the working performance of the manure transport mechanism,manure spreader mechanism,transmission mechanism and walking mechanism.The working parameters such as uniformity of fertilizer spraying,working width and working efficiency were also determined.The results showed that the lateral and longitudinal variable coefficient of the disc and digging roller spreader mechanism of multifunctional fertilizer spreader in field were 20.6%,15.5%and 27.4%,10.7%,respectively.The lateral and longitudinal variable coefficient of the self-propelled caterpillar track manure spreader was 19.5%and 10.1%.The lateral and longitudinal variable coefficient of the wheeled self-propelled manure spreader was 22.7%and 11.4%.The maximum working width of three spreaders were 7.2 m(for disc spraying was 7.2 m and for digging roller spaying was 4.3 m),5.8 m and 5.2 m.And the work efficiency of three spreaders were 1.3 hm^2/h(for disc spraying was 1.3 hm^2/h and for digging roller spaying was 0.9 hm^2/h),0.5 hm^2/h and 0.8 hm^2/h.Successful development of this series manure spreader provides equipment and technical support for the utilization of agricultural waste as manure in China.
作者
马标
付菁菁
许斌星
吴爱兵
谢虎
陈永生
Ma Biao;Fu Jingjing;Xu Binxing;Wu Aibing;Xie Hu;Chen Yongsheng(Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,210014,China)
出处
《中国农机化学报》
北大核心
2019年第8期1-6,共6页
Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization
基金
中国农业科学院科技创新工程协同创新任务(CAAS—XTCX2016015)
中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(Y2019LM02—04)
山东省农机装备研发创新计划(2018YF024)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y2018LM08)
关键词
有机肥
撒肥机
撒肥幅宽
撒肥均匀性
manure
manure spreader
width of manure spread
uniformity of manure spread
