摘要
【目的】比较不同生态区温湿气候对欧洲甜樱桃树体生长和果实发育的影响。【方法】运用湿热指数(HHI)的概念、定义和计算方法,从果树生态气候学方面通过温度(月平均温度)和湿度(月降雨量)这两个气象因子,按照符合欧洲甜樱桃树体生长发育规律的数值换算得出湿热指数的数值。湿热指数大意味着该区气候湿热,植株年生长量大,树势旺盛,花芽形成困难;湿热指数小意味着该区气候冷凉,植株年生长量适中,长势中庸,容易形成花芽。【结果】研究发现,国外产区的湿热指数多在300以内,很少超过500。夏季温度较低,昼夜温差大,雨水少,树体生长量适中,树体营养积累充足,容易形成花芽。并且,由于果实发育期温度低、昼夜温差大、果实发育期长,出产的樱桃普遍果实大、颜色深和品质优良。国内产区由于地处温带季风气候和亚热带季风性湿润气候,雨热同季,并且高温持续时间长,湿热指数明显偏大,多数在500以上,导致树体生长旺盛,枝条徒长,成花困难,对品种选择、树体管理和整形修剪技术等都提出了更高的要求。【结论】国内外欧洲甜樱桃产业种植的生态气候条件有着很大的差异,国外欧洲甜樱桃主产区生态气候类型普遍优于国内。湿热指数的提出为樱桃种植产业区划和优质产区的寻找提供了一个简单的评价指标,并可借鉴应用到其他落叶果树相关领域的研究上。
【Objective】 The aims of the study were to compare influence of the different biome humid climate on the sweet cherry tree and fruit growth development. 【Method】 This paper puts forward the concept, definitions and calculation methods of the hot-humid index(HHI), calculated From the aspects of fruit trees ecological climatology by temperature(mean monthly temperature) and humidity(mean monthly rainfall) these two meteorological factor, according to conform to the sweet cherry tree growth and development law. High HHI means that the hot and humid climate, vigorous tree growth and difficult flower bud formation; Low HHI means that in a cold climate, moderate tree annual growth, and easy flower bud formation. 【Result】 Study showed that HHI of the producing areas abroad are generally within 300, rarely more than 500, with low summer temperature, large temperature difference between day and night, little rain, the moderate tree growth, sufficient tree nutrient accumulation and easy flower bud formation. Because of the low temperature and large temperature difference between day and night during the fruit growth, the fruit development time is long and cherry fruit yield is generally higher with large fruits, deep color and good quality. Because of the temperate monsoon climate and humid subtropical monsoon climate with rainy season meeting with hot season and long time high temperature, HHI of the domestic region is significantly larger and most more than 500. All of these lead to vigorous tree growth, excessive growth of branches and difficult flower formation, and therefore, special variety selection, tree management, pruning technology, etc are required. 【Conclusion】 Ecological climate condition of the sweet cherry planting industry at home and abroad is markedly different. The ecological climate condition abroad for sweet cher-ry producing is better than that of domestic generally. HHI is a good and simple evaluation tool for the sweet cherry planting regionalization and selection of the advantage production region, and could be reference for application to the related areas study of other deciduous fruit trees.
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第S1期169-174,共6页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD02B03-2-1)
郑州市现代农业科技创新工程项目(131PZDGC113)
