摘要
【目的】针对绿洲灌区玉米生产水肥过量严重,灌水、施氮制度混乱等现象,揭示水氮运筹对玉米生长及产量构成的耦合效应,为构建干旱绿洲灌区玉米高产合理水肥制度提供依据.【方法】分别设3个灌水水平:低灌水水平(I_1,430 mm),中灌水水平(I_2,490 mm),高灌水水平(I_3,550 mm),和3个施氮水平:N_(1 )0 kg N/hm^2施氮水平,N_2 360 kg N/hm^2施氮水平,N_3 450 kg N/hm^2,共组成9个处理,通过田间试验研究玉米群体生长率、叶面积指数、干物质运转、光合产物对产量构成及产量的贡献机制.【结果】群体生长率在I_2、I_3处理下较I_1处理提高40.6%～67.8%,而I_2与I_3间差异不显著;N_2、N_3较N_1处理分别高17.4%和10.6%,但N_2与N_3处理间差异不显著.玉米叶面积指数在I_2、I_3处理下全生育期平均值较I_1处理分别提高29.7%和36.0%.I_2、I_3处理玉米籽粒产量分别较I_1处理高9.6%和13.7%,但是I_2、I_3处理间差异不显著;N_2和N_3处理分别较N_1处理高8.4%和10.5%,N_2和N_3处理间差异不显著.过量灌水和施氮会减少干物质向籽粒的运转,I_3处理与I_1、I_2处理比较,干物质运转量分别减少了29.4%和29.6%,对籽粒的贡献率分别降低了38.4%和32.5%;N_3分别较N_1和N_2处理干物质运转量减少了28.5%和17.1%,对籽粒的贡献率分别降低了36.1%和19.0%.综合分析,合理的灌水和施氮量对玉米籽粒产量的形成具有耦合效应,I_2N_2处理处理最终获得与I_3N_3相等的籽粒产量.【结论】灌溉定额490 mm和施氮量360 kg/hm^2处理提高了玉米光合作用对籽粒形成提供的物质补充,促进了生育前期营养器官积累的干物质向籽粒的运转量,最终获得高产,是河西绿洲灌区玉米高产适宜的水氮参数.
【Objective】 In oasis irrigation agricultural region,problems such as excessive irrigation and fertilization in maize production seriously exist.The present research aimed to reveal the coupling effects of water and nitrogen management on maize growth and yield components,and to provide theoretical base on ideal irrigation and fertilization management for maize production in oasis irrigation region.【Method】 The field experiment had 9 treatments with three irrigation levels: I1(low irrigation level,430 mm),I2(middle irrigation level,490 mm),I3(high irrigation level,550 mm),and three nitrogen levels: N1(0 kg N/hm2),N2(360 kgN/hm2),N3(450 kg N/hm2).Maize crop growth rate,leaf area index,dry matter transportation,and photosynthetic production rate were measured for studying the yield components and contribution mechanism.【Result】 Compared with dry matter accumulation rate of I1,the crop growth rate of I2,I3 was increased by 40.6%~67.8%.However,the crop growth rate differed not significantly between I2,I3.Compared with N1,the crop growth rate under N2 and N3 were increased by 17.4% and 10.6%,while that of N2 and N3 was not significantly differed with each other.The leaf area index of maize under I2 and I3 were improved by 29.7% and 36.0% over I1.Maize grain yield under I2 and I3 were boosted by 9.6% and 13.7% over I1,but not significant between I2 and I3;and under N2 and N3 were boosted by 8.4% and 10.5% over N1,but not significant between N2 and N3.Excessive irrigation and fertilization reduced dry matter transportation.Compared to I1 and I2,the dry matter transportation of maize under I3 was reduced by 29.4% and 29.6%;similarly,the value contribution to grains of I3 was decreased by 38.4% and 32.5%.Dry matter transportation of maize under N3 was lower than that under N1 and N2 by 28.5% and 17.1%,and the contribution to grains under N3 was lower than that under N1 and N2 by 36.1% and 19.0%.Coupling effects of water and nitrogen application on the grain yield development was observed,equal amount of grain yield was achieved by I2N2 and I3N3.【Conclusion】 Irrigation level of 490 mm with N level of 360 kg/hm2 could insure adequate substance supply via photosynthesis at grain forming stage,and facilitate dry matter transportation from vegetative organ to grains,thereby to achieve the subsequent high yield.Accordingly,the irrigation and N level mentioned above could be considered as optimum value for maize production in oasis irrigation region.
作者
范虹
李文娟
赵财
樊志龙
胡才强
柴强
FAN Hong;LI Wen-juan;ZHAO Cai;FAN Zhi-long;HU Cai-qiang;CHAI Qiang(Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《甘肃农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第1期51-59,共9页
Journal of Gansu Agricultural University
基金
农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503125-3)
关键词
玉米
水氮运筹
群体生长率
干物质运转
产量构成
maize
coupling effects of water and nitrogen
crop growth rate
dry matter transportation
yield components
