摘要
《民法总则》虽已规定宗教活动场所法人地位,但财产权利归属仍有待界定,尤其需要厘清宗教活动场所法人与国家、宗教团体、捐助人、僧尼个人之间的财产关系。根据出资不取得产权规则,不论是商业投资、信徒捐赠,还是政府投资兴建,财产所有权均发生移转,归属于宗教活动场所法人所有。宗教活动场所中的文物,除《文物保护法》规定的国有文物所有权明确归属于国家,其他一般文物的所有权应归属于宗教活动场所法人。'出家'行为不会导致僧尼民事权利能力受限,僧尼财产权受法律平等保护。区分寺庙财产和僧尼财产宜以行为人意思为标准。未来宜于民法典物权编中概括规定宗教活动场所法人的财产权,并于单行立法详细规定其财产范围、权属规则。
Although the General Provisions of Civil Law have stipulated the status of venues for religious activities legal person,the ownership of property rights remains to be defined.In particular,it is necessary to clarify the property relationship between venues for religious activities legal persons and the state,religious groups,donors,monks and nuns.According to the rule that capital contribution does not acquire property right,whether it is commercial investment,believer donation,or government investment and construction,the ownership of property is transferred and belongs to the venues for religious activities legal person.Except that the ownership of state-owned cultural relics specified in the Law on Protection of Cultural relics is clearly vested in the state,the ownership of other cultural relics in places of religious activity shall be attributed to venues for religious activities legal persons.The monastic and nuns’civil rights will not be restricted,and the property rights of monks and nuns will be protected by the law on an equal basis.The distinction between temple property and monastery property should be based on the doer’s meaning.In the future,it is suitable to stipulate the property right of venues for religious activities legal person in the civil law,and the scope of the property and the rule of ownership are specified in the separate legislation.
作者
吴昭军
WU Zhao-jun(Law School,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872 China)
出处
《河北法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第9期115-129,共15页
Hebei Law Science
基金
国家社科基金2017年重大项目《宗教工作法治化研究》(17ZDC149)
中国民法学研究会2017年青年学者研究项目《我国宗教财产权属问题研究》(2017MFXH007)阶段性研究成果
关键词
宗教活动场所法人
捐助法人
宗教财产
民法典
寺庙
the venue for religious activities legal person
donation-based legal person
religious property
civil code
temple
