摘要
从1644年定都北京确立在全国的统治,到1894年甲午中日战争爆发,清王朝的对朝鲜政策大致可以分为两个阶段。1644年(清顺治元年)至1882年(清光绪八年),此为第一阶段。固守朝贡体制的传统,对朝鲜的内政外交放任"向不过问",中朝两国维持着一种相对松散而又稳定的国家关系。1882年(清光绪八年)至1894年(清光绪二十年),此为第二阶段。面对东西方列强的强大攻势,清王朝从维护传统起见,更为固守边疆安全考虑,逐渐改变传统习惯,对朝鲜的内政外交由过去的不干涉,变为渐趋严密的掌控。此期的中朝关系已非传统意义上的宗藩关系。"天下观"的改变,新外交理念的孕生,儒家思想的自我调适,当是清朝对朝政策转变的三大重要因素。
The evolution of Qing Dynasty's policy towards Korea can be divided into two stages during the period from 1644 when Manchu conquerors,founders of Qing Dynasty,determined to take Beijing as their capital,to 1894 when First Chinese-Japanese War broke out.The first stage is between 1644(First Year of Shunzhi Reign) and 1882(Eighth Year of Guangxu Reign).In this first stage,emperors of Qing Dynasty kept the tradition of Tributary System,and made no interference on the internal affairs and diplomacy of Korea.Therefore a relatively loose and stable relation was maintained between Korea and Qing Dynasty of China.The second stage is between 1882(Eighth Year of Guangxu Reign) and 1894 (Twentieth Year of Guangxu Reign).During this stage,Qing Dynasty gradually converted its policy towards Korea from previous non-interference over Korean domestic and foreign affairs,which had been a traditional practice,to more and more scrupulous control,for the purpose of maintaining traditional relation and safeguarding Chinese frontiers and peripheral areas of China.During this stage,the China-Korea relation was out of the framework of traditional relation between suzerain state and vassal state.The Qing Dynasty's policy was gradually changed by such three major elements as transformation of perception on the world,emerging of new beliefs of diplomacy,and self-adaptation of Confucianism thought.
出处
《韩国研究论丛》
2008年第1期299-319,共21页
Chinese Journal of Korean Studies
