摘要
采用现场监测方式调查了国内13台火化机烟气中PCDD/Fs排放情况,分析火化炉型、烟气处理设施和随葬品等因素对其排放水平的影响,提出相关污染控制措施和管理措施的建议.结果表明,各样品的PCDD/Fs毒性当量浓度(以I-TEQ计,下同)差异较大,范围为0.027~15.8 ng·m-3,平均值为3.2 ng·m-3.PCDD/Fs排放因子范围为45.9~22 236 ng·具-1,均值为4 738 ng·具-1.平板炉PCDD/Fs排放水平总体低于捡灰炉,达标率高于捡灰炉.火化烟气中17种PCDD/Fs异构体分布特征存在一定差异.部分火化机PCDD/Fs排放浓度仍处于较高水平,有必要从源头上减少污染、提高污染控制技术、加强政府监管,如将随葬品另炉火化、增设二燃室、配备布袋除尘器和活性炭喷射处理设施等.
To analysis the influencing factors for the emssions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans( PCDD / Fs) as structure of crematory,air pollution control device( APCD) and funeral objects,etc,we collected and measured the PCDD / Fs emissions in flue gas from 13 crematories in China. Then we proposed some supervision suggestions on measures of pollution control and management. The results indicated that the emission levels of PCDD / Fs( as the toxic equivalent concentration,TEQ) was ranged in a large gap from 0. 027 to 15. 8 ng·m- 3,and the average was 3. 2 ng·m- 3. Emissions factor of PCDD / Fs( as TEQ) from 13 crematories varied between 45. 9 and 22 236 ng·body- 1,and the average was 4 738 ng·body- 1. The emissions of PCDD / Fs from flat incinerators were generally lower,whereas higher ratio up to the national discharge standard,than that of car type incinerators. Congener distribution of PCDD / Fs in flue gas from 13 crematories were different from each other. Since the emission of PCDD / Fs from some crematories remains in high level,it is necessary to control pollution from the source,improve the pollution control technology,and strengthen government supervision,by following measures: 11 cremating funeral objects separately from corpse; 22 adding one secondary chamber to one main chamber; 33 installing the bag filter system with activated carbon injection.
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第10期3596-3602,共7页
Environmental Science
关键词
遗体火化
二噁英
排放
影响因素
管理建议
crematory
PCDD / Fs
emission
influence factor
supervision suggestion
