摘要
目的对2017年在平顶山市疾病预防控制中心门诊部狂犬病暴露者接种人用狂犬病疫苗后,出现的的不良反应进行分析,为狂犬病疫苗能更安全有效的免疫提供依据。方法回顾性分析各种不良反应,用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果三种狂犬病疫苗接种后均出现了不良反应,不良反应发生率为2.93%;B疫苗不良反应率最高达4.58%,C疫苗最低为0.43%。三种疫苗不良反应率差异有统计学意义(χ2=273.023,P<0.001)。不良反应在各年龄组之间也存在着明显差异。儿童组最高为3.98%,中青年组最低为1.74%,各年龄组不良反应率差异有统计学意义(χ2=152.877,P<0.001)。最常见的不良反应是发热占94.94%,局部不良反应是红肿占28.37%。结论各种狂犬病疫苗接种后均有不良反应的发生,儿童和老人的不良反应率最高。各级医务工作者应掌握常见接种异常反应处置技能、技巧,做好疫苗不良反应监测、报告、调查诊断和处置工作,并且积极做好对暴露者的解释说明工作,尽量提高疫苗使用的安全性和免疫效果。
Objective After rabies vaccination against people exposed to rabies in the outpatient department of the Pingdingshan City Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2017,adverse reactions that occur are analyzed,to provide basis for safer and more effective immunization of rabies vaccines.Methods Analyze different kinds of the adverse reactions retrospectively,statistical analysis is performed by using descriptive epidemiology.Results All three rabies vaccines had adverse reactions after inoculation,the incidence of adverse reactions was 2.93 %,the adverse reaction rate of B vaccine reached a maximum of 4.58 %,the adverse reaction rate of C vaccine reached a minimum of0.43 %.The difference in adverse reaction rates between the three vaccines was statistically significant(χ2=273.023,P<0.001)There were also significant differences in adverse reactions between age groups.The maximum ratio of children was 3.98 %,the minimum ratio of youth group was 1.74 %,the difference in adverse reaction rates was statistically significant between age groups(χ2=152.877,P<0.001).The most common adverse reaction was fever accounted for94.94 %,local adverse reaction was redness accounted for 28.37 %.Conclusions All kinds of rabies vaccination have adverse reactions,children and the elderly have the highest rate of adverse reactions.Medical workers at all levels should master common abnormal response treatment skills in vaccination,do a good job in vaccine adverse reaction monitoring,reporting, investigation, diagnosis and disposal,and actively explain to the exposed person,maximize the safety and immune efficacy of vaccine use.
作者
牛会勤
岳伟玲
赵华斌
NIU Huiqin;YUE Weiling;ZHAO Huabin(Pingdingshan Center for Diseases Control and Prevention,Henan,Pingdingshan 467000,China)
出处
《河南预防医学杂志》
2019年第3期188-190,共3页
Henan Journal of Preventive Medicine
关键词
狂犬病疫苗
免疫
不良反应
分析
Rabies Vaccine
Immunity
Adverse reactions
Analysis
