摘要
海洋环境污染损害中直接损失的定量评估,已成为环境污染损害赔偿及行政处罚的重要依据。针对目前中国海洋环境污染损害评估工作中因环保职责分散和视角差异而存在的评估内容不衔接、量化方法不一致的问题,以人类与海洋生态系统组成的整体作为研究对象,对海洋环境污染损害进行了剖析和梳理,明确了损害的分类与范畴,特别是海洋生态系统损害与人类活动损害之间的衔接与界限;并依据法学理论和法律文件,识别出各类损害中的直接损失;进而遵循科学性和可量化性等原则,建立了直接损失的评估指标体系。此指标体系涵盖了海洋环境污染造成的人身损害、财产损害、海洋生态损害和事务性支出四类损失,具体包括身体损害、精神损害、水产品损失、固定资产损失、流动资产损失、保护财产的额外支出、恢复期间利润损失、海洋生态恢复费用、恢复期间生态损失、应急处置费、调查评估费共11项指标。研究成果可为中国海洋环境污染损害的定量评估提供有力支撑,促进损害赔偿和行政处罚工作的定量化和科学化进程。
It is important to assess quantitatively the direct losses caused by marine environmental pollution for damage compensation and administrative penalty.But due to different responsibilities and perspectives,there is still no consistent assessment contents and quantitative methods on direct losses in China.Considering both human and marine ecosystem,the pollution damages are analyzed and categorized comprehensively.It reveals clearly the category and scope of pollution damages,especially the connection and distinction between human activities damage and marine ecosystem damage caused by pollution. Furthermore,according to the popular theory and laws,the direct losses of all kinds of damages are identified.And then,based on the principle of science and quantization,the assessment index system is proposed,including the four losses of personal injury,property damage,marine ecological damage and administrative affairs expenditure,which are further divided into the 11 indexes of physical injury,mental injury,loss of aquatic products,loss of fixed assets,loss of current assets,additional cost for protecting assets,loss of profit during recovery,cost of marine ecological restoration,loss of ecosystem services during recovery,cost of emergency disposal,cost of investi-gation and evaluation.The research results could give support to the quantitative assessment of marine environmental pollution damage,and make damage claim and administrative punishment more quantitative and scientific in china.
作者
刘伟峰
刘大海
邢文秀
王春娟
王泉斌
LIU Wei-feng;LIU Da-hai;XING Wen-xiu;WANG Chun-juan;WANG Quan-bin(The First Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao 266061,China)
出处
《海洋环境科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第1期120-128,共9页
Marine Environmental Science
基金
国家海洋局项目(BJ1418001)
国家海洋局项目(SY0918003)
关键词
海洋环境
污染损害
直接损失
评估指标
marine environment
pollution damage
direct losses
assessment index
