摘要
利用气象台站探空资料、地面观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析气候资料,分析了祁连山 黑河流域水循环中的大气过程,结果表明:受西风带波动影响的水汽来源贫乏是此区大气水汽含量少的原因之一;水汽输送通量辐散是此区大气水汽含量少的原因之二;就年平均而言,祁连山 黑河流域大气水汽含量仅为高湿的江南地区的20%,为半干旱区的华北中部的约40%;高海拔的祁连山区因降水效率高,地面蒸发量小,地表水物质易于聚积形成径流;黑河流域因降水效率低,降水量值与地面蒸发量值相当,对地表水的贡献很小。在祁连山 黑河流域2 5°×2 5°区域上空,大气年输入水量为6678亿m3,输出为6502亿m3,净输入水量为176亿m3;输入水汽呈逐年减少的趋势。20世纪70～80年代有明显的下降,近40年来祁连山 黑河流域的气温在升高,大气中的水汽含量在减少,降水量的减少将难以避免。
The atmospheric hydrologic cycle over the QilianHeihe Valley are analyzed by using the observed data of meteorological stations and the NCEP/NCAR monthly mean data from 1958 to 1997 Some significant results are showed The sparse water vapor source is reason one of little water vapor in atmosphere over the Valley, and the water vapor flux divergence is reason two of that The higher precipitation efficiency and less evaporation are prone to accumulate water substance into runoff over the higher Qilian Mountain than the lower Heihe Vale The lower precipitation efficiency make less precipitation amount over Heihe Vale and correspond with evaporation amount so as to contribute quite smallness for runoff In the atmosphere column over the area of 25°×25°, the annual influent water vapor amount is 6*#678×108*!m3, the annual effluent water vapor amount is 6*#502×108*!m3, and the net water vapor amount is 176×108*!m3 Over the QilianHeihe Valley, it is inevitable that the precipitation amount will be reduced because the influent water vapor is reducing along with air temperature rising year after year
出处
《水科学进展》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第1期91-97,共7页
Advances in Water Science
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(G2000048703)
中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所创新资助项目(CACX210035)
关键词
水循环
大气过程
祁连山-黑河流域
降水效率
水汽来源
水汽输送通量
Qilian-Heihe valley
atmospheric water vapor
precipitation efficiency
water vapor source
water vapor flux
hydrologic cycle
