摘要
内蒙古托克托地区位于我国农牧交错带黄河中游 ,农业历史悠久 .应用遥感影像 ,结合地面调查 ,绘制了研究区植被类型现状图 .在GIS支持下 ,选取多种景观指数 ,分别从斑块数、斑块面积、斑块周长和多样性指数等方面对研究区景观结构特征和多样性进行分析 .结果表明 ,整个研究区景观是一个显著的农林牧景观镶嵌体 ,农田面积 2 81.72km2 ,占研究区总面积的 34.6 4% ,林地景观占 2 2 .0 % ,草地景观占6 .6 5 % .研究区东北部景观基底为农田景观 ,在该基底上 ,基本上以居民点为中心较密集与规律地分布着杨树 +榆树林斑块 ,共 89块 ,斑块密度达 2 .5 6 8个·km-2 ,斑块平均面积仅为 0 .39km2 ,基底与斑块 2种景观单元在该区域十分典型 .杨树 +榆树林和丘陵沟壑景观类型边界密度值较大 ,说明杨树 +榆树林景观类型的破碎化程度较大 ,而丘陵沟壑边界切割破碎 .可以认为 ,该地区在人类活动的影响下 ,景观结构呈现较明显的人类干扰特征 .
The Tuoketuo region is located in the middle reach of Yellow River, farming-pastoral zone in Inner Mongolia. In this paper, the vegetation map of study area was compiled by combining TM image and field vegetation survey.Applying several landscape pattern indices such patch size, number, perimeter density, diversity index, evenness index and fragmentation index etc., the landscape pattern of the Tuoketuo region was analyzed on a GIS platform.The result showed that the landscape types in Tuoketuo region mainly consisted of farmland, artificial forest and grassland. The area of farmland was 281.72km2 and accounted for 33.64% of study region, artificial forest was 22.0%, and grassland was 6.65%. The landscape matrix in northeast part of study area was farmland.On the farmland matrix,Populus +Ulmus patches distributed with centering of residential spot,there were 89 patches. The patch density was 2.568 patch·km -2,and the mean patch area of Populus + Ulmus was only 0.39 km2, therefore, the characteristics of matrix and patch was very typical. Perimeter density of Populus+Ulmus and hill-gully were higher than other landscape types, indicating that the fragmentation degree of the former was higher, and hill-gulf was cut seriously in study area. All of these results emphasize that human activity had a strong impact on the landscape pattern in the Tuoketuo region.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
2003年第1期85-89,共5页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 186 0 4) .
关键词
景观格局
景观指数
景观破碎化
地理信息系统
农牧交错带
Landscape pattern, Landscape indices, Landscape fragmentation, GIS, Farming-pastoral zone.
